án

See also: Appendix:Variations of "an"

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of án – see 按 (“to push; to press; to put aside; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 按).

For pronunciation and definitions of án – see 俺 (“prefix for kinship terms., etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 俺).

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse án, ón, from Proto-Germanic *ēnu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈauːn/
• Rhymes: -auːn
• IPA^(key): /ˈaun/ (when forming a phonetic unit with an unaccented pronoun, e.g. án þess (“without it”): IPA^(key): /ˈaun.ðɛs/)

Preposition

án

1. (with genitive) without

   Mig langar í bollu, þó án rjómans!

   I want a bolla, but without the cream!

   Litli frændi minn knúsaði mig í tíu mínútur án þess að segja stakt orð.

   My little cousin hugged me for ten minutes without saying a single word.

Anagrams

• ná

Irish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ˈɑːn̪ˠ/
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /ˈɑːnˠ/
• (West Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈæːnˠ/
• (East Ulster before extinction) IPA^(key): /ˈeːnˠ/

Adjective

án (genitive singular masculine áin, genitive singular feminine áine, plural ána, comparative áine)

1. bright, brilliant
2. splendid, noble

Declension

Declension of án

	Singular		Plural (m/f)
Positive	Masculine	Feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
Nominative	án	án	ána
Vocative	áin		ána
Genitive		áne	ána	án
Dative	án	án; áin (archaic)	ána
Comparative	níos áne
Superlative	is áne

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
án	n-án	hán	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “án”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Mandarin

Alternative forms

• an — nonstandard

Romanization

án (an², Zhuyin ㄢˊ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 啽
2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 犳
3. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 玵
4. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蝹
5. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 雸
6. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蝻

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• áin

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aːn/

Noun

án f (genitive áine)

1. verbal noun of aigid

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ánL	—	—
Vocative	ánL	—	—
Accusative	áinN	—	—
Genitive	áineH	—	—
Dative	áinL	—	—
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
án	unchanged	n-án
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “áin”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Norse

Alternative forms

• ón

Etymology

From Proto-Norse *ᚨᚾᚢ (*anu), from Proto-Germanic *ēnu.

Preposition

án

1. without (clarification of this definition is needed)
   1. (with genitive)
   2. (with dative)
   3. (with accusative)

Descendants

• Icelandic: án
• Faroese: ón
• → Middle English: *on, on-
  • English: on, ohn
  • Scots: on-, ohn-

References

• án in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Tày

Etymology

From Proto-Tai *ʔaːnᴮ (“to recite”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩋ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨶ, Lao ອ່ານ (ʼān), Tai Dam ꪮ꪿ꪱꪙ, Lü ᦀᦱᧃᧈ (˙ʼaan¹), Shan ဢၢၼ်ႇ (ʼàan), Ahom 𑜒𑜃𑜫 (ʼan), Thai อ่าน (àan). Compare Khmer អាន (ʼaan).

Pronunciation

• (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA^(key): [ʔaːn˧˥]
• (Trùng Khánh) IPA^(key): [ʔaːn˦]

Verb

án (按)

1. to count (one by one); to number; to enumerate

   Nòn phồm án vài, nòn ngai án khẩu

   Lie prone to count the buffaloes, lie supine upwards to count the grains

   度𫠯保按啓

   Tò lồng bấu án khái

   Walking back, can no longer count how many steps taken

   𨀎𪪈開帝𱍭按鉼

   Khuốp pi khai đảy ngần án pẻng

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

• Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
• Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎^[1][2] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
• Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[3] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔaːn˧˦]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔaːŋ˦˧˥]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ʔaːŋ˦˥]

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 案. Compare with Muong ản.

Noun

án

1. criminal case
2. sentence (judicial order for punishment)

Etymology 2

Verb

án • (𢭬)

1. to impede visibility by using the body of something

Anagrams

• ná