æðr
Faroese edit
Alternative forms edit
- æður (Suðuroy)
Etymology edit
From Old Norse æðr, from Proto-Germanic *ēdrǭ, *ēþrǭ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
æðr f (genitive singular æðrar, plural æðrar)
Declension edit
f6 | Singular | Plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | æðr | æðrin | æðrar | æðrarnar |
Accusative | æðr | æðrina | æðrar | æðrarnar |
Dative | æðr | æðrini | æðrum | æðrunum |
Genitive | æðrar | æðrarinnar | æðra | æðranna |
Old Norse edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Germanic *ēdrǭ, *ēþrǭ; whence also Old English ǣder, ǣdre, Old High German ādara (German Ader).
Noun edit
æðr f (genitive æðar, dative æði, plural æðar)
Declension edit
Descendants edit
In Old Icelandic, the word lost its radical r, it being reinterpreted as a nominative ending, and comes to be nominative æðr, accusative and dative æði, genitive æðar, plural æðar, leading to the modern Icelandic æð, whereas the radical r is preserved in Faroese, as well as in the other Nordic languages.
- Faroese: æðr, æður (Suðuroy)
- Icelandic: æð
- Norwegian: år, åre
- Old Swedish: āþra, ādher
- Old Danish: athræ
- Danish: åre
Etymology 2 edit
Uncertain. Cognate to Proto-Samic *(h)āvtë, either from a common unattested language or through mutual loans. Sanskrit आति (āti, “a type of aquatic bird”) has been suggested, but it is inconsistent with either Sami cognates or the unattested masculine form *áðr, both suggesting a Proto-Germanic *aw(V)diz, probably Proto-Germanic *awadiz. Derivations from an ultimate Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwis are considered "unconvincing" by Guus Kroonen, which strengthens the non-Indo-European substrate hypothesis.
According to Watkins, from a North Germanic root [script needed] (*athi), from Proto-Germanic *ethi-, from a theoretical Proto-Indo-European root *eti- (“eider”).[1]
Compare the difficulty in precising the relationship between Old Norse igða (“small bird”) and Akkala Sami avigʒinĉ (“chickadee”).
Noun edit
æðr f (genitive æðar, dative æði, plural æðar)
Declension edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “eider”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
References edit
- Aikio, Ante. 2004. "An essay on substrate studies and the origin of Saami". Mémoires de la Société néophilologique de Helsinki 63: 5–34.
- Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans. (Available on Málið.is under the “Eldra mál” tab.)
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*awadī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 44