ébaucher
French edit
Etymology edit
From Middle French esbaucher (“to rough-hew, frame”), alteration (due to Middle French bauche (“beam, wooden crosspiece”)) of Old French esbosquier, esboskier (“to rough-hew beams”), from es- (“out”) + bosc (“wood, firewood”), from Frankish *bosk (“wood”), from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“wood, thicket”). Cognate with Old French esbochier (“to prune grapes”), French bois (“wood”), bau (“beam”). More at bush, balk.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ébaucher
- (transitive) to sketch, rough out (a plan, picture); to draft (a piece of writing)
- (transitive) to start up (a conversation, friendship etc.)
- (reflexive) to form, take shape
- (reflexive) to open up, start up
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of ébaucher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | ébaucher | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | ébauchant /e.bo.ʃɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | ébauché /e.bo.ʃe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ébauche /e.boʃ/ |
ébauches /e.boʃ/ |
ébauche /e.boʃ/ |
ébauchons /e.bo.ʃɔ̃/ |
ébauchez /e.bo.ʃe/ |
ébauchent /e.boʃ/ |
| imperfect | ébauchais /e.bo.ʃɛ/ |
ébauchais /e.bo.ʃɛ/ |
ébauchait /e.bo.ʃɛ/ |
ébauchions /e.bo.ʃjɔ̃/ |
ébauchiez /e.bo.ʃje/ |
ébauchaient /e.bo.ʃɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | ébauchai /e.bo.ʃe/ |
ébauchas /e.bo.ʃa/ |
ébaucha /e.bo.ʃa/ |
ébauchâmes /e.bo.ʃam/ |
ébauchâtes /e.bo.ʃat/ |
ébauchèrent /e.bo.ʃɛʁ/ | |
| future | ébaucherai /e.boʃ.ʁe/ |
ébaucheras /e.boʃ.ʁa/ |
ébauchera /e.boʃ.ʁa/ |
ébaucherons /e.boʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
ébaucherez /e.boʃ.ʁe/ |
ébaucheront /e.boʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | ébaucherais /e.boʃ.ʁɛ/ |
ébaucherais /e.boʃ.ʁɛ/ |
ébaucherait /e.boʃ.ʁɛ/ |
ébaucherions /e.bo.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
ébaucheriez /e.bo.ʃə.ʁje/ |
ébaucheraient /e.boʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ébauche /e.boʃ/ |
ébauches /e.boʃ/ |
ébauche /e.boʃ/ |
ébauchions /e.bo.ʃjɔ̃/ |
ébauchiez /e.bo.ʃje/ |
ébauchent /e.boʃ/ |
| imperfect2 | ébauchasse /e.bo.ʃas/ |
ébauchasses /e.bo.ʃas/ |
ébauchât /e.bo.ʃa/ |
ébauchassions /e.bo.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ |
ébauchassiez /e.bo.ʃa.sje/ |
ébauchassent /e.bo.ʃas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | ébauche /e.boʃ/ |
— | ébauchons /e.bo.ʃɔ̃/ |
ébauchez /e.bo.ʃe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading edit
- “ébaucher”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.