échauffer
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French eschauffer, from Old French eschaufer, eschalfer, from Vulgar Latin *excalfāre, from Latin excal(e)facere, from ex + cal(e)facere.
Ultimately related to échauder (cognate and synonym of English "scald").
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
échauffer
- to overheat
- to excite, incite (imagination etc.)
- (medicine, dated) to inflame
- (reflexive) to warm up
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of échauffer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | échauffer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | échauffant /e.ʃo.fɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | échauffé /e.ʃo.fe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | échauffe /e.ʃof/ |
échauffes /e.ʃof/ |
échauffe /e.ʃof/ |
échauffons /e.ʃo.fɔ̃/ |
échauffez /e.ʃo.fe/ |
échauffent /e.ʃof/ |
| imperfect | échauffais /e.ʃo.fɛ/ |
échauffais /e.ʃo.fɛ/ |
échauffait /e.ʃo.fɛ/ |
échauffions /e.ʃo.fjɔ̃/ |
échauffiez /e.ʃo.fje/ |
échauffaient /e.ʃo.fɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | échauffai /e.ʃo.fe/ |
échauffas /e.ʃo.fa/ |
échauffa /e.ʃo.fa/ |
échauffâmes /e.ʃo.fam/ |
échauffâtes /e.ʃo.fat/ |
échauffèrent /e.ʃo.fɛʁ/ | |
| future | échaufferai /e.ʃo.fʁe/ |
échaufferas /e.ʃo.fʁa/ |
échauffera /e.ʃo.fʁa/ |
échaufferons /e.ʃo.fʁɔ̃/ |
échaufferez /e.ʃo.fʁe/ |
échaufferont /e.ʃo.fʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | échaufferais /e.ʃo.fʁɛ/ |
échaufferais /e.ʃo.fʁɛ/ |
échaufferait /e.ʃo.fʁɛ/ |
échaufferions /e.ʃo.fə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
échaufferiez /e.ʃo.fə.ʁje/ |
échaufferaient /e.ʃo.fʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | échauffe /e.ʃof/ |
échauffes /e.ʃof/ |
échauffe /e.ʃof/ |
échauffions /e.ʃo.fjɔ̃/ |
échauffiez /e.ʃo.fje/ |
échauffent /e.ʃof/ |
| imperfect2 | échauffasse /e.ʃo.fas/ |
échauffasses /e.ʃo.fas/ |
échauffât /e.ʃo.fa/ |
échauffassions /e.ʃo.fa.sjɔ̃/ |
échauffassiez /e.ʃo.fa.sje/ |
échauffassent /e.ʃo.fas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | échauffe /e.ʃof/ |
— | échauffons /e.ʃo.fɔ̃/ |
échauffez /e.ʃo.fe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- German: echauffieren
Further reading edit
- “échauffer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.