écouler
French edit
Etymology edit
From é- + couler, or possibly from Vulgar Latin *excolāre, from Latin cōlāre. Compare Italian scolare, Portuguese escoar, Spanish escolar, Sicilian sculari.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
écouler
- to sell off, to shift
- (reflexive) to flow
- (reflexive, of time) to pass, to elapse
- (reflexive, of one's fortune) to diminish, to dwindle away slowly
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of écouler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | écouler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | écoulant /e.ku.lɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | écoulé /e.ku.le/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | écoule /e.kul/ |
écoules /e.kul/ |
écoule /e.kul/ |
écoulons /e.ku.lɔ̃/ |
écoulez /e.ku.le/ |
écoulent /e.kul/ |
| imperfect | écoulais /e.ku.lɛ/ |
écoulais /e.ku.lɛ/ |
écoulait /e.ku.lɛ/ |
écoulions /e.ku.ljɔ̃/ |
écouliez /e.ku.lje/ |
écoulaient /e.ku.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | écoulai /e.ku.le/ |
écoulas /e.ku.la/ |
écoula /e.ku.la/ |
écoulâmes /e.ku.lam/ |
écoulâtes /e.ku.lat/ |
écoulèrent /e.ku.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | écoulerai /e.kul.ʁe/ |
écouleras /e.kul.ʁa/ |
écoulera /e.kul.ʁa/ |
écoulerons /e.kul.ʁɔ̃/ |
écoulerez /e.kul.ʁe/ |
écouleront /e.kul.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | écoulerais /e.kul.ʁɛ/ |
écoulerais /e.kul.ʁɛ/ |
écoulerait /e.kul.ʁɛ/ |
écoulerions /e.ku.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
écouleriez /e.ku.lə.ʁje/ |
écouleraient /e.kul.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | écoule /e.kul/ |
écoules /e.kul/ |
écoule /e.kul/ |
écoulions /e.ku.ljɔ̃/ |
écouliez /e.ku.lje/ |
écoulent /e.kul/ |
| imperfect2 | écoulasse /e.ku.las/ |
écoulasses /e.ku.las/ |
écoulât /e.ku.la/ |
écoulassions /e.ku.la.sjɔ̃/ |
écoulassiez /e.ku.la.sje/ |
écoulassent /e.ku.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | écoule /e.kul/ |
— | écoulons /e.ku.lɔ̃/ |
écoulez /e.ku.le/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “écouler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- “écouler” in Dictionnaire français en ligne Larousse.
- “écouler” in Dico en ligne Le Robert.