étrum

Old Irish

Etymology

From é- (“un-”) +‎ trom (“heavy”), literally “unheavy”.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeːdrum/

Adjective

étrum (comparative étrummu)

1. light (not heavy)
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 20^a19

     .i. cid etrum aicned ind reto dia·tormastar a mét do·gní trumai ndo iarum in met-sin.

     Although the nature of the thing may be light, if its quantity should be increased, that quantity causes heaviness to it afterwards.

   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 10^a8

     .c .t .p. is airi as·bertar étrumma ⁊ slemna huare nád·techtad tinfeth.

     C, T, and P are thus called "light" and "smooth" because they have no aspiration.

Inflection

o/ā-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	étrum	étrum	étrum
Vocative	étruimm* étrum**
Accusative	étrum	étruimm
Genitive	étruimm	étruimme	étruimm
Dative	étrum	étruimm	étrum
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	étruimm	étrumma
Vocative	étrummu étrumma†
Accusative	étrummu étrumma†
Genitive	étrum
Dative	étrummaib
Notes	*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

Descendants

• Middle Irish: étrom
  • Irish: éadrom
  • Scottish Gaelic: aotrom

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
étrum	unchanged	n-étrum
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “étromm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language