Ξέρξης

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 (x-š-y-a-r-š-a /⁠Xšayāršā⁠/), nominative singular of *Xšayā-ṛšān- (literally “ruling over heroes”), from *xšay- (literally “to rule”) + *ṛšān- (hero).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ksérk.sɛːs/ → /ˈkserk.sis/ → /ˈkserk.sis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ksérk.sɛːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkserk.se̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈkserk.sis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈkserk.sis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈkserk.sis/

Proper noun

Ξέρξης • (Xérxēs) m (genitive Ξέρξου); first declension (Attic, Ionic)

1. Xerxes, the name of two kings of Persia.

Inflection

First declension of ὁ Ξέρξης; τοῦ Ξέρξου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ Ξέρξης ho Xérxēs
Genitive	τοῦ Ξέρξου toû Xérxou
Dative	τῷ Ξέρξῃ tôi Xérxēi
Accusative	τὸν Ξέρξην tòn Xérxēn
Vocative	Ξέρξη Xérxē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First declension of ὁ Ξέρξης; τοῦ Ξέρξεω (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ Ξέρξης ho Xérxēs
Genitive	τοῦ Ξέρξεω / Ξέρξω toû Xérxeō / Xérxō
Dative	τῷ Ξέρξῃ tôi Xérxēi
Accusative	τὸν Ξέρξην tòn Xérxēn
Vocative	Ξέρξη Xérxē
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• Greek: Ξέρξης (Xérxis)
• → Arabic: خَرْخَس (ḵarḵas)
• → Georgian: ქსერქსე (kserkse)
• → Alemannic German: Xerxes
• → Bulgarian: Ксеркс (Kserks)
• → Catalan: Xerxes
• → Czech: Xerxés
• → Danish: Xerxes
• → Dutch: Xerxes
• → English: Xerxes
• → Finnish: Kserkses
• → French: Xerxès
• → Galician: Xerxes
• → German: Xerxes
• → Hungarian: Xerxész
• → Italian: Serse
• → Japanese: クセルクセス (Kuserukusesu)
• → Korean: 크세르크세스 (keusereukeuseseu)
• → Latin: Xerxes (see there for further descendants)
• → Norwegian: Xerxes
• → Polish: Kserkses
• → Portuguese: Xerxes
• → Romanian: Xerxes
• → Russian: Ксеркс (Kserks)
• → Serbo-Croatian: Ксеркс, Kserks
• → Slovak: Xerxes
• → Slovene: Kserkses
• → Spanish: Jerjes
• → Swedish: Xerxes
• → Ukrainian: Ксеркс (Kserks)
• → Waray-Waray: Xerxes

References

• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,029