θάρσος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• θάρρος (thárrhos) — Attic
• θέρσος (thérsos) — Aeolic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰers- (“to dare”). Cognate with English dare, Proto-Slavic *dьrzъ (“bold”), Sanskrit धृषु (dhṛṣú, “proud”) and Albanian nder (“honor, favour”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tʰár.sos/ → /ˈθar.sos/ → /ˈθar.sos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tʰár.sos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtʰar.sos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈθar.sos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈθar.sos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈθar.sos/

Noun

θάρσος • (thársos) n (genitive θάρσους or θάρσεος); third declension

1. courage, confidence, audacity
2. that which gives courage

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ θᾰ́ρσος; τοῦ θᾰ́ρσους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ θᾰ́ρσος tò thársos	τὼ θᾰ́ρσει tṑ thársei	τᾰ̀ θᾰ́ρση tà thársē
Genitive	τοῦ θᾰ́ρσους toû thársous	τοῖν θᾰρσοῖν toîn tharsoîn	τῶν θᾰρσῶν tôn tharsôn
Dative	τῷ θᾰ́ρσει tôi thársei	τοῖν θᾰρσοῖν toîn tharsoîn	τοῖς θᾰ́ρσεσῐ / θᾰ́ρσεσῐν toîs thársesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ θᾰ́ρσος tò thársos	τὼ θᾰ́ρσει tṑ thársei	τᾰ̀ θᾰ́ρση tà thársē
Vocative	θᾰ́ρσος thársos	θᾰ́ρσει thársei	θᾰ́ρση thársē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of θᾰ́ρσος; θάρσευς (Epic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	θᾰ́ρσος thársos
Genitive	θάρσευς / θάρσεος thárseus / thárseos
Dative	θᾰ́ρσει / θᾰ́ρσεῐ̈ thársei / thárseï
Accusative	θᾰ́ρσος thársos
Vocative	θᾰ́ρσος thársos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• εὐθαρσής (eutharsḗs)
• θαρσαλέος (tharsaléos)
• θαρσέω (tharséō)
• θαρσήεις (tharsḗeis)
• θαρσοποιός (tharsopoiós)
• θαρσύνω (tharsúnō)

 

Related terms

• θρασύς (thrasús)

References

• “θάρσος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• θάρσος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “θάρσος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• θάρσος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN