πλοῖον

See also: πλοίον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From the o-grade of the root of πλέω (pléō, “to sail”) +‎ -ιον (-ion), or inherited directly from Proto-Indo-European *plówyom (“floating vessel”): compare Proto-Germanic *flawją (“ship, vessel”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /plôi̯.on/ → /ˈply.on/ → /ˈpli.on/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /plôi̯.on/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈply.on/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈply.on/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈply.on/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpli.on/

Noun

πλοῖον • (ploîon) n (genitive πλοίου); second declension

1. a floating vessel, ship, boat
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.168
   • 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 601
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 625
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.36
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.83
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.1.20
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.48
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.30
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.14
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 5.1.21
   • 36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 13.78
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.116
   • 390 BCE, Plato, Hippias Major 295D
   • 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 106

Declension

Second declension of τὸ πλοῖον; τοῦ πλοίου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ πλοῖον tò ploîon	τὼ πλοίω tṑ ploíō	τᾰ̀ πλοῖᾰ tà ploîa
Genitive	τοῦ πλοίου toû ploíou	τοῖν πλοίοιν toîn ploíoin	τῶν πλοίων tôn ploíōn
Dative	τῷ πλοίῳ tôi ploíōi	τοῖν πλοίοιν toîn ploíoin	τοῖς πλοίοις toîs ploíois
Accusative	τὸ πλοῖον tò ploîon	τὼ πλοίω tṑ ploíō	τᾰ̀ πλοῖᾰ tà ploîa
Vocative	πλοῖον ploîon	πλοίω ploíō	πλοῖᾰ ploîa
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of τὸ πλοῖον; τοῦ πλοίου (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ πλοῖον tò ploîon	τὼ πλοίω tṑ ploíō	τᾰ̀ πλοῖᾰ tà ploîa
Genitive	τοῦ πλοίου toû ploíou	τοῖν πλοίοιν toîn ploíoin	τῶν πλοίων tôn ploíōn
Dative	τῷ πλοίῳ tôi ploíōi	τοῖν πλοίοιν toîn ploíoin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν πλοίοισῐ / πλοίοισῐν / πλοίοις toîsi(n) ploíoisi(n) / ploíois
Accusative	τὸ πλοῖον tò ploîon	τὼ πλοίω tṑ ploíō	τᾰ̀ πλοῖᾰ tà ploîa
Vocative	πλοῖον ploîon	πλοίω ploíō	πλοῖᾰ ploîa
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• Greek: πλοίο (ploío)

Further reading

• “πλοῖον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “πλοῖον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• G4143 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• πλοῖον in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • bark idem, page 63.
  • boat idem, page 87.
  • coracle idem, page 174.
  • ship idem, page 766.
  • skiff idem, page 780.
  • smack idem, page 786.
  • tonnage idem, page 880.
  • vessel idem, page 949.