σάκκος
Ancient Greek edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Most likely borrowed from Semitic, possibly from Phoenician. Compare Hebrew שַׂק, Imperial Aramaic 𐡔𐡒 (šq), Talmudic Aramaic סַקָּא, Classical Syriac ܣܩܐ, Ge'ez ሠቅ (śäḳ), Akkadian 𒆭𒊓 (/šaqqu/), Egyptian sꜣgꜣ. The word is a widely-borrowed Mediterranean Kulturwort.[1]
Černý and Forbes suggest the word was originally Egyptian, a nominal derivative of sꜣq (“to gather or put together”) that also yielded Coptic ⲥⲟⲕ (sok, “sackcloth”) and was borrowed into Greek perhaps by way of a Semitic intermediary. However, Vycichl and Hoch reject this idea, noting that such an originally Egyptian word would be expected to yield Hebrew *סַק rather than שַׂק. Instead, they posit that the Coptic and Greek words are both borrowed from Semitic, with the Coptic word perhaps developing via Egyptian sꜣgꜣ.
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /sák.kos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈsak.kos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈsa.kos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈsa.kos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈsa.kos/
Noun edit
σᾰ́κκος • (sákkos) m (genitive σᾰ́κκου); second declension
Inflection edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ σᾰ́κκος ho sákkos |
τὼ σᾰ́κκω tṑ sákkō |
οἱ σᾰ́κκοι hoi sákkoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ σᾰ́κκου toû sákkou |
τοῖν σᾰ́κκοιν toîn sákkoin |
τῶν σᾰ́κκων tôn sákkōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ σᾰ́κκῳ tôi sákkōi |
τοῖν σᾰ́κκοιν toîn sákkoin |
τοῖς σᾰ́κκοις toîs sákkois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν σᾰ́κκον tòn sákkon |
τὼ σᾰ́κκω tṑ sákkō |
τοὺς σᾰ́κκους toùs sákkous | ||||||||||
Vocative | σᾰ́κκε sákke |
σᾰ́κκω sákkō |
σᾰ́κκοι sákkoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms edit
- σᾰκκᾶς (sakkâs)
- σᾰκκέω (sakkéō)
- σᾰκκηγός (sakkēgós)
- σᾰκκογενειοτρόφος (sakkogeneiotróphos)
- σᾰκκοπήρᾰ (sakkopḗra)
- σᾰκκοπλόκος (sakkoplókos)
- σᾰκκορᾰ́φῐον (sakkoráphion)
- σᾰκκούδῐον (sakkoúdion)
- σᾰκκοφόρος (sakkophóros)
- σᾰκκοῠ̈φᾰ́ντης (sakkoüphántēs)
- σᾰκκώνῠμος (sakkṓnumos)
- σᾰκκῐ́δῐον (sakkídion)
- σᾰκκῐ́ζω (sakkízō)
- σᾰ́κκῐνος (sákkinos)
- σᾰκκῐ́ον (sakkíon)
- σᾰκκῐ́ᾱς (sakkíās)
Related terms edit
- δῐσᾰ́κκῐον (disákkion)
- σᾰκκηγέω (sakkēgéō)
- σᾰκκηγῐ́ᾱ (sakkēgíā)
- σᾰκκοφορέω (sakkophoréō)
- σᾰκκοφορῐκός (sakkophorikós)
- σᾰκκῐνόσῡκοι (sakkinósūkoi)
Descendants edit
References edit
- “σάκκος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1302
Further reading edit
- Robert Jacobus Forbes (1955) Studies in Ancient Technology, volume 4, page 66
- Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 149
- Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN, page 186
- Hoch, James E. (1994) Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period, Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 269
- G4526 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.