σκιρτάω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Iterative-intensive formation in -τάω from σκαίρω (skaírō, “to skip, dance”), which is probably from Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to jump”). The -ι- is thought to be a secondary prop vowel, but this makes the etymology formally less certain.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /skir.tá.ɔː/ → /scirˈta.o/ → /scirˈta.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /skir.tá.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /skirˈta.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /scirˈta.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /scirˈta.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /scirˈta.o/

Verb

σκῐρτᾰ́ω • (skirtáō)

1. (of foals) to spring, leap, bound
2. (figuratively) to be skittish, unruly

Inflection

   Present: σκῐρτᾰ́ω, σκῐρτᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	σκῐρτᾰ́ω	σκῐρτᾰ́εις	σκῐρτᾰ́ει	σκῐρτᾰ́ετον	σκῐρτᾰ́ετον	σκῐρτᾰ́ομεν	σκῐρτᾰ́ετε	σκῐρτᾰ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	σκῐρτᾰ́ω	σκῐρτᾰ́ῃς	σκῐρτᾰ́ῃ	σκῐρτᾰ́ητον	σκῐρτᾰ́ητον	σκῐρτᾰ́ωμεν	σκῐρτᾰ́ητε	σκῐρτᾰ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	σκῐρτᾰ́οιμῐ	σκῐρτᾰ́οις	σκῐρτᾰ́οι	σκῐρτᾰ́οιτον	σκῐρτᾰοίτην	σκῐρτᾰ́οιμεν	σκῐρτᾰ́οιτε	σκῐρτᾰ́οιεν
	imperative		σκῐ́ρτᾰε	σκῐρτᾰέτω	σκῐρτᾰ́ετον	σκῐρτᾰέτων		σκῐρτᾰ́ετε	σκῐρτᾰόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	σκῐρτᾰ́ομαι	σκῐρτᾰ́ῃ, σκῐρτᾰ́ει	σκῐρτᾰ́εται	σκῐρτᾰ́εσθον	σκῐρτᾰ́εσθον	σκῐρτᾰόμεθᾰ	σκῐρτᾰ́εσθε	σκῐρτᾰ́ονται
	subjunctive	σκῐρτᾰ́ωμαι	σκῐρτᾰ́ῃ	σκῐρτᾰ́ηται	σκῐρτᾰ́ησθον	σκῐρτᾰ́ησθον	σκῐρτᾰώμεθᾰ	σκῐρτᾰ́ησθε	σκῐρτᾰ́ωνται
	optative	σκῐρτᾰοίμην	σκῐρτᾰ́οιο	σκῐρτᾰ́οιτο	σκῐρτᾰ́οισθον	σκῐρτᾰοίσθην	σκῐρτᾰοίμεθᾰ	σκῐρτᾰ́οισθε	σκῐρτᾰ́οιντο
	imperative		σκῐρτᾰ́ου	σκῐρτᾰέσθω	σκῐρτᾰ́εσθον	σκῐρτᾰέσθων		σκῐρτᾰ́εσθε	σκῐρτᾰέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		σκῐρτᾰ́ειν				σκῐρτᾰ́εσθαι
participle	m	σκῐρτᾰ́ων				σκῐρτᾰόμενος
	f	σκῐρτᾰ́ουσᾰ				σκῐρτᾰομένη
	n	σκῐρτᾰ́ον				σκῐρτᾰόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: σκῐρτῶ, σκῐρτῶμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	σκῐρτῶ	σκῐρτᾷς	σκῐρτᾷ	σκῐρτᾶτον	σκῐρτᾶτον	σκῐρτῶμεν	σκῐρτᾶτε	σκῐρτῶσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	σκῐρτῶ	σκῐρτᾷς	σκῐρτᾷ	σκῐρτᾶτον	σκῐρτᾶτον	σκῐρτῶμεν	σκῐρτᾶτε	σκῐρτῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	σκῐρτῴην, σκῐρτῷμῐ	σκῐρτῴης, σκῐρτῷς	σκῐρτῴη, σκῐρτῷ	σκῐρτῷτον, σκῐρτῴητον	σκῐρτῴτην, σκῐρτῳήτην	σκῐρτῷμεν, σκῐρτῴημεν	σκῐρτῷτε, σκῐρτῴητε	σκῐρτῷεν, σκῐρτῴησᾰν
	imperative		σκῐ́ρτᾱ	σκῐρτᾱ́τω	σκῐρτᾶτον	σκῐρτᾱ́των		σκῐρτᾶτε	σκῐρτώντων
middle/ passive	indicative	σκῐρτῶμαι	σκῐρτᾷ	σκῐρτᾶται	σκῐρτᾶσθον	σκῐρτᾶσθον	σκῐρτώμεθᾰ	σκῐρτᾶσθε	σκῐρτῶνται
	subjunctive	σκῐρτῶμαι	σκῐρτᾷ	σκῐρτᾶται	σκῐρτᾶσθον	σκῐρτᾶσθον	σκῐρτώμεθᾰ	σκῐρτᾶσθε	σκῐρτῶνται
	optative	σκῐρτῴμην	σκῐρτῷο	σκῐρτῷτο	σκῐρτῷσθον	σκῐρτῴσθην	σκῐρτῴμεθᾰ	σκῐρτῷσθε	σκῐρτῷντο
	imperative		σκῐρτῶ	σκῐρτᾱ́σθω	σκῐρτᾶσθον	σκῐρτᾱ́σθων		σκῐρτᾶσθε	σκῐρτᾱ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		σκῐρτᾶν				σκῐρτᾶσθαι
participle	m	σκῐρτῶν				σκῐρτώμενος
	f	σκῐρτῶσᾰ				σκῐρτωμένη
	n	σκῐρτῶν				σκῐρτώμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἐσκῐ́ρτᾰον, ἐσκῐρτᾰόμην (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐσκῐ́ρτᾰον	ἐσκῐ́ρτᾰες	ἐσκῐ́ρτᾰε(ν)	ἐσκῐρτᾰ́ετον	ἐσκῐρτᾰέτην	ἐσκῐρτᾰ́ομεν	ἐσκῐρτᾰ́ετε	ἐσκῐ́ρτᾰον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐσκῐρτᾰόμην	ἐσκῐρτᾰ́ου	ἐσκῐρτᾰ́ετο	ἐσκῐρτᾰ́εσθον	ἐσκῐρτᾰέσθην	ἐσκῐρτᾰόμεθᾰ	ἐσκῐρτᾰ́εσθε	ἐσκῐρτᾰ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἐσκῐ́ρτων, ἐσκῐρτώμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐσκῐ́ρτων	ἐσκῐ́ρτᾱς	ἐσκῐ́ρτᾱ	ἐσκῐρτᾶτον	ἐσκῐρτᾱ́την	ἐσκῐρτῶμεν	ἐσκῐρτᾶτε	ἐσκῐ́ρτων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐσκῐρτώμην	ἐσκῐρτῶ	ἐσκῐρτᾶτο	ἐσκῐρτᾶσθον	ἐσκῐρτᾱ́σθην	ἐσκῐρτώμεθᾰ	ἐσκῐρτᾶσθε	ἐσκῐρτῶντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἀνᾰσκῐρτᾰ́ω (anaskirtáō)
• ἐπῐσκῐρτᾰ́ω (episkirtáō)
• κᾰτᾰσκῐρτᾰ́ω (kataskirtáō)
• σκῐρτηδόν (skirtēdón)
• σκῐρτηθμός (skirtēthmós)
• σκῐ́ρτημᾰ (skírtēma)
• σκῐ́ρτησῐς (skírtēsis)
• σκῐρτητής (skirtētḗs)
• σκῐρτητῐκός (skirtētikós)
• σκῐρτοπόδης (skirtopódēs)
• σκῐρτοποιέω (skirtopoiéō)
• σκῐρτών (skirtṓn)

 

Further reading

• “σκιρτάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “σκιρτάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “σκιρτάω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• σκιρτάω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• σκιρτάω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN