σοφιστής
Ancient Greek edit
Etymology edit
From σοφίζω (sophízō, “to become wise”) + -τής (-tḗs), from σοφός (sophós, “wise”).
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /so.pʰis.tɛ̌ːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /so.pʰisˈte̝s/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /so.ɸisˈtis/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /so.fisˈtis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /so.fisˈtis/
Noun edit
σοφῐστής • (sophistḗs) m (genitive σοφῐστοῦ); first declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine)
- A master of one's craft
- One who is wise, prudent, a philosopher
- teacher, tutor
- (slang, derogatory) One who makes a profit off of false wisdom: cheat, swindler
Usage notes edit
The reputation of the teachers at Athens came into decline in the fifth century BC, and thus came the connotation of cheat. This varies with time in relation to the general approval or disapproval of the paid teachers.
Inflection edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ σοφῐστής ho sophistḗs |
τὼ σοφῐστᾱ́ tṑ sophistā́ |
οἱ σοφῐσταί hoi sophistaí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ σοφῐστοῦ toû sophistoû |
τοῖν σοφῐσταῖν toîn sophistaîn |
τῶν σοφῐστῶν tôn sophistôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ σοφῐστῇ tôi sophistêi |
τοῖν σοφῐσταῖν toîn sophistaîn |
τοῖς σοφῐσταῖς toîs sophistaîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν σοφῐστήν tòn sophistḗn |
τὼ σοφῐστᾱ́ tṑ sophistā́ |
τοὺς σοφῐστᾱ́ς toùs sophistā́s | ||||||||||
Vocative | σοφῐστᾰ́ sophistá |
σοφῐστᾱ́ sophistā́ |
σοφῐσταί sophistaí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms edit
Derived terms
- ἀκᾰτᾰσόφῐστος (akatasóphistos, “not to be put down by fallacies”)
- ἀντισοφῐστής m (antisophistḗs, “who seeks to refute”)
- ἀσόφῐστος (asóphistos, “not deluded by fallacies”)
- γυμνοσοφῐσταί m pl (gumnosophistaí, “naked philosophers, gymnosophists”)
- γυμνοσοφῐστῐ́ᾱ f (gumnosophistíā, “wisdom of gymnosophists”)
- δειπνοσοφῐστής m (deipnosophistḗs, “learned in the mysteries of the kitchen”), Δειπνοσοφισταί m pl (Deipnosophistaí, “title of work by Athenaeus”)
- ἰᾱτροσοφῐστής m (iātrosophistḗs, “professor of medicine”)
- ἰᾱτροφῐλόσοφος m (iātrophilósophos, “scientific doctor”)
- μεγᾰλοσοφῐστής m (megalosophistḗs, “μέγας (great) σοφιστής”)
- μετεωροσοφῐστής m (meteōrosophistḗs, “astronomical sophist”)
- σοφῐστορήτωρ m (sophistorḗtōr, “σοφιστὴς sophist and ῥήτωρ orator”)
- σοφῐ́στρῐᾰ f (sophístria, “feminine of σοφιστής”)
- ῠ̔περσοφῐστής m (hupersophistḗs, “arch-sophist”)
- ψευδοσοφῐστής m (pseudosophistḗs, “sham-sophist”)
Related terms edit
and see at σοφός (sophós, “wise”)
Related terms
- ἀκᾰτᾰσόφῐστος (akatasóphistos, “not to be put down by fallacies”)
- ἀσόφῐστος (asóphistos, “not deluded by fallacies”)
- κᾰτᾰσοφῐσμός m (katasophismós, “outwitting, trickery”)
- πᾰρᾰσόφῐσμᾰ n (parasóphisma, “additional invention”)
- σεσοφῐσμένως (sesophisménōs, “cunningly”, adverb)
- σοφῐ́ᾱ f (sophíā, “skill, wisdom”)
- σοφῐβόλος (sophibólos, “stupid”)
- σοφῐ́ζω (sophízō, “make wise, instruct, devise”), σοφῐ́ζομαι and derivatives
- σόφῐσμᾰ n (sóphisma, “skill, method”)
- σοφῐσμᾰτῐκός (sophismatikós, “sophistical”)
- σοφῐσμάτιον n (sophismátion, “diminutive of σόφισμα”)
- σοφῐσματώδης (sophismatṓdēs, “sophistical”)
- σοφῐσμός m (sophismós, “skill, method, σόφισμα”)
- σοφῐστείᾱ f (sophisteíā, “sophistry”)
- σοφῐστέον (sophistéon, “one must contrive”)
- σοφῐστέος (sophistéos, “one must contrive”)
- σοφῐ́στευμᾰ n (sophísteuma, “skill, method, σόφισμα”)
- σοφῐστεύω (sophisteúō, “play the sophist; teach, give lectures”) and derivatives
- σοφῐστήρῐον n (sophistḗrion, “school of sophistry”)
- σοφῐστῐάω (sophistiáō, “play the sophist”)
- σοφῐστῐκός (sophistikós, “of a sophist”)
- σοφόω (sophóō, “σοφίζω, make wise, instruct, devise”)
- φῐλοσοφῐ́ᾱ f (philosophíā, “love of knowledge, philosophy”)
- φῐλόσοφος m (philósophos, “lover of wisdom, philosopher”)
Descendants edit
- Arabic: سَفْسَطِي (safsaṭī), سَفْسَطَائِيّ (safsaṭāʔiyy)
- English: sophist
- French: sophiste
- Greek: σοφιστής (sofistís)
- Latin: sophistes
- Persian: سوفسطایی (sufestâyi)
Further reading edit
- “σοφιστής”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σοφιστής in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.