φαῦλος

See also: φαύλος

Ancient Greek edit

Etymology edit

Perhaps from Proto-Hellenic *pā́uros, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w-, the irregular φ- (ph-) representing an expressive *pʰ-, as in Old Armenian փոքր (pʻokʻr, “small”).^[1]^[2] Beekes proposes a Pre-Greek origin.^[3]

Pronunciation edit

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰâu̯.los/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpʰaw.los/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɸa.βlos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈfa.vlos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈfa.vlos/

Adjective edit

φαῦλος • (phaûlos) m (feminine φαύλη or φαῦλος, neuter φαῦλον); first/second declension

(of things) easy, slight
- Eur, The Suppliants 317
1. trivial, paltry, sorry, indifferent, miserable, poor
  - 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Fractures 775
2. sorry, paltry, mean, bad
  - 425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 870
(of persons) low in rank, mean, common
- 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 689
1. worthless, sorry, indifferent, poor, common, of no account, bad
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 707
2. careless, thoughtless, indifferent
  - 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 807
3. (in good sense) simple, unaffected
  - 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 476
4. (of outward appearance) shabby, plain
  - 391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 617, 626, 702
5. (of health) ill
  - 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Aphorisms 1245

Inflection edit

First and second declension of φαῦλος; φαύλη; φαῦλον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	φαῦλος phaûlos	φαύλη phaúlē	φαῦλον phaûlon	φαύλω phaúlō	φαύλᾱ phaúlā	φαύλω phaúlō	φαῦλοι phaûloi	φαῦλαι phaûlai	φαῦλᾰ phaûla
Genitive	φαύλου phaúlou	φαύλης phaúlēs	φαύλου phaúlou	φαύλοιν phaúloin	φαύλαιν phaúlain	φαύλοιν phaúloin	φαύλων phaúlōn	φαύλων phaúlōn	φαύλων phaúlōn
Dative	φαύλῳ phaúlōi	φαύλῃ phaúlēi	φαύλῳ phaúlōi	φαύλοιν phaúloin	φαύλαιν phaúlain	φαύλοιν phaúloin	φαύλοις phaúlois	φαύλαις phaúlais	φαύλοις phaúlois
Accusative	φαῦλον phaûlon	φαύλην phaúlēn	φαῦλον phaûlon	φαύλω phaúlō	φαύλᾱ phaúlā	φαύλω phaúlō	φαύλους phaúlous	φαύλᾱς phaúlās	φαῦλᾰ phaûla
Vocative	φαῦλε phaûle	φαύλη phaúlē	φαῦλον phaûlon	φαύλω phaúlō	φαύλᾱ phaúlā	φαύλω phaúlō	φαῦλοι phaûloi	φαῦλαι phaûlai	φαῦλᾰ phaûla
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	φαύλως phaúlōs			φαυλότερος phaulóteros			φαυλότᾰτος phaulótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of φαῦλος; φαῦλον (Attic)

Number	Singular		Dual		Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	φαῦλος phaûlos	φαῦλον phaûlon	φαύλω phaúlō	φαύλω phaúlō	φαῦλοι phaûloi	φαῦλᾰ phaûla
Genitive	φαύλου phaúlou	φαύλου phaúlou	φαύλοιν phaúloin	φαύλοιν phaúloin	φαύλων phaúlōn	φαύλων phaúlōn
Dative	φαύλῳ phaúlōi	φαύλῳ phaúlōi	φαύλοιν phaúloin	φαύλοιν phaúloin	φαύλοις phaúlois	φαύλοις phaúlois
Accusative	φαῦλον phaûlon	φαῦλον phaûlon	φαύλω phaúlō	φαύλω phaúlō	φαύλους phaúlous	φαῦλᾰ phaûla
Vocative	φαῦλε phaûle	φαῦλον phaûlon	φαύλω phaúlō	φαύλω phaúlō	φαῦλοι phaûloi	φαῦλᾰ phaûla
Derived forms	Adverb		Comparative		Superlative
Derived forms	φαύλως phaúlōs		φαυλότερος phaulóteros		φαυλότᾰτος phaulótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants edit

Greek: φαύλος (fávlos)

References edit

^ Meillet, Antoine (1935) “Les sourdes aspirées en arménien”, in Bulletin de la Société de linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 36, pages 112–113
^ Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “φαῦλος”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎^[1] (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 489a
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φαῦλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1558-1559

Further reading edit

“φαῦλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“φαῦλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
φαῦλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
G5337 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[2], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- bad idem, page 58.
- base idem, page 64.
- careless idem, page 114.
- cheap idem, page 127.
- clumsy idem, page 140.
- coarse idem, page 140.
- common idem, page 148.
- commonplace idem, page 149.
- contemptible idem, page 167.
- degraded idem, page 206.
- depraved idem, page 212.
- despicable idem, page 217.
- dirty idem, page 227.
- disreputable idem, page 238.
- evil idem, page 286.
- execrable idem, page 290.
- feeble idem, page 313.
- flimsy idem, page 328.
- gross idem, page 374.
- humble idem, page 409.
- ill idem, page 414.
- incapable idem, page 427.
- incompetent idem, page 429.
- indifferent idem, page 433.
- inefficient idem, page 435.
- inferior idem, page 437.
- inglorious idem, page 440.
- lame idem, page 474.
- little idem, page 495.
- low idem, page 502.
- low-born idem, page 503.
- mean idem, page 519.
- mediocre idem, page 521.
- miserable idem, page 533.
- niggardly idem, page 558.
- obscure idem, page 566.
- ordinary idem, page 579.
- paltry idem, page 590.
- parlous idem, page 593.
- perfunctory idem, page 607.
- petty idem, page 609.
- pitiful idem, page 615.
- plebeian idem, page 620.
- poor idem, page 626.
- poverty-stricken idem, page 630.
- prosaic idem, page 653.
- rough idem, page 722.
- rude idem, page 724.
- scurvy idem, page 743.
- shabby idem, page 760.
- shoddy idem, page 767.
- sordid idem, page 794.
- sorry idem, page 795.
- squalid idem, page 807.
- tawdry idem, page 857.
- thin idem, page 866.
- trivial idem, page 896.
- trumpery idem, page 898.
- unconsidered idem, page 911.
- undignified idem, page 914.
- ungentle idem, page 919.
- unpromising idem, page 928.
- unsatisfactory idem, page 931.
- unskilful idem, page 932.
- unworthy idem, page 937.
- valueless idem, page 943.
- vicious idem, page 950.
- vile idem, page 952.
- villainous idem, page 952.
- vulgar idem, page 958.
- weak idem, page 969.
- wicked idem, page 978.
- worthless idem, page 991.
- wretched idem, page 993.

[1] Meillet, Antoine (1935) “Les sourdes aspirées en arménien”, in Bulletin de la Société de linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 36, pages 112–113

[2] Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “φαῦλος”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎^[1] (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 489a

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φαῦλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1558-1559

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