χάρις

See also: Χάρις

Ancient Greek edit

Etymology edit

From the same root as χαίρω (khaírō, “to be happy”). In the religious sense, it was first used in the Septuagint as a semantic loan from Biblical Hebrew חֵן (ḥēn)

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, for instance in Genesis 6:8:

וְנֹ֕חַ מָ֥צָא חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃
wə-nōaḥ māṣāʾ ḥēn bə-ʿēynēy yəhwāh.
And Noah found grace in the eyes of YHWH.
300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 6.8:
Νωε δὲ εὗρεν χάριν ἐναντίον κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ.
Nōe dè heûren khárin enantíon kuríou toû theoû.
Noah found grace [or favor] before the Lord God.

Pronunciation edit

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰá.ris/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkʰa.ris/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈxa.ris/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈxa.ris/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈxa.ris/

Noun edit

χᾰ́ρῐς • (kháris) f (genitive χᾰ́ρῐτος); third declension

beauty, elegance, charm, grace
favourable disposition towards someone: grace, favor, goodwill
1. (Judaism, Christianity) the grace or favor of God
2. a voluntary act of goodwill
gratitude, thanks
Synonym: μοῖτος (moîtos)
influence (opposite force)
gratification, delight

Usage notes edit

The irregular accusative singular χάριν (khárin) is far more common, but χάριτα (khárita) is used in later works. There is also an alternate dative plural: χαρίτεσσι (kharítessi).

Declension edit

Third declension of ἡ χᾰ́ρῐς; τῆς χᾰ́ρῐτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ χᾰ́ρῐς hē kháris	τὼ χᾰ́ρῐτε tṑ khárite	αἱ χᾰ́ρῐτες hai khárites
Genitive	τῆς χᾰ́ρῐτος tês kháritos	τοῖν χᾰρῐ́τοιν toîn kharítoin	τῶν χᾰρῐ́των tôn kharítōn
Dative	τῇ χᾰ́ρῐτῐ têi kháriti	τοῖν χᾰρῐ́τοιν toîn kharítoin	ταῖς χᾰ́ρῐσῐ / χᾰ́ρῐσῐν taîs khárisi(n)
Accusative	τὴν χᾰ́ρῐν / χᾰ́ρῐτα tḕn khárin / khárita	τὼ χᾰ́ρῐτε tṑ khárite	τᾱ̀ς χᾰ́ρῐτᾰς tā̀s kháritas
Vocative	χᾰ́ρῐ khári	χᾰ́ρῐτε khárite	χᾰ́ρῐτες khárites
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ts.

Derived terms edit

ἀχαριστέω (akharistéō)
ἀχάριστος (akháristos)
εὐχαριστέω (eukharistéō)
εὐχάριστος (eukháristos)
εὔχᾰρῐς (eúkharis)
Λεοχάρης (Leokhárēs)
Χάρης (Khárēs)
χαρίεις (kharíeis)
χαρίζομαι (kharízomai)
Χάρις (Kháris)
χάρισμα (khárisma)
χαριτόω (kharitóō)
Χαρίτων (Kharítōn)

Descendants edit

→ Coptic: ⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥ (kharis)
⇒ Greek: χάρη (chári)
→ Romanian: har