χόλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Variant of χολή (kholḗ), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kʰó.los/ → /ˈxo.los/ → /ˈxo.los/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰó.los/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkʰo.los/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈxo.los/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈxo.los/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈxo.los/

Noun

χόλος • (khólos) m (genitive χόλου); second declension

1. gall, bile
2. bitterness, wrath, anger

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ χόλος; τοῦ χόλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ χόλος ho khólos
Genitive	τοῦ χόλου toû khólou
Dative	τῷ χόλῳ tôi khólōi
Accusative	τὸν χόλον tòn khólon
Vocative	χόλε khóle
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of χόλος; χόλου (Epic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	χόλος khólos
Genitive	χόλου / χολοῖο / χόλοιο / χολόο / χόλοο khólou / kholoîo / khóloio / kholóo / khóloo
Dative	χόλῳ khólōi
Accusative	χόλον khólon
Vocative	χόλε khóle
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• χολόω (kholóō)

Further reading

• “χόλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• χόλος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • anger idem, page 29.
  • gall idem, page 352.
  • indignation idem, page 433.
  • ire idem, page 459.
  • passion idem, page 597.
  • rage idem, page 668.
• “χόλος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011