добръ

Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

• ⰴⱁⰱⱃⱏ (dobrŭ) — Glagolitic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dobrъ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-ro-s, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to match, to fit”).

Adjective

добръ • (dobrŭ) (comparative добрѣи or лоучии or соулѣи or соул҄ии or оун҄ии)

1. good

   Antonym: зълъ (zŭlŭ)

   добръ чловѣкъ ― dobrŭ člověkŭ ― a good man

   добра волꙗ ― dobra volja ― goodwill

   добра землꙗ ― dobra zemlja ― fertile soil

   • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 12:35:

     Добры чл҃вкъ отъ добраго съкровишта износитъ добраѣ ꙇ зълыч҃лвкъ отъ зълааго съкровишта износитъ зъла῾а ·

     Dobry čl:vkŭ otŭ dobrago sŭkrovišta iznositŭ dobraě i zŭlyč:lvkŭ otŭ zŭlaago sŭkrovišta iznositŭ zŭla῾a ·

     A good man brings good things out of the good stored up in him, and an evil man brings evil things out of the evil stored up in him

   • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Luke 8:15:

     а еже на добрѣ земи сии сѫть ·· ꙇже добромь сръдьцемъ и благомь ·слышавъше слово дръжѧтъ · ꙇ плодъ творѧтъ въ тръпѣнии · ·· ··

     a eže na dobrě zemi sii sǫtĭ ·· iže dobromĭ srŭdĭcemŭ i blagomĭ ·slyšavŭše slovo drŭžętŭ · i plodŭ tvorętŭ vŭ trŭpěnii · ·· ··

     But the seed on good soil stands for those with a noble and good heart, who hear the word, retain it, and by persevering produce a crop

2. beautiful

   Synonyms: доброличьнъ (dobroličĭnŭ), красьнъ (krasĭnŭ), лѣпъ (lěpŭ)

   Antonym: гнѫсьнъ (gnǫsĭnŭ)

   • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Luke 21:5:

     ῾ꙇ единѣмъ гл҃ѭштемь о цр҃кви · ѣко камениемь добромь и съсѫдыоукрашена естъ · рече ·

     ῾i ediněmŭ gl:jǫštemĭ o cr:kvi · ěko kameniemĭ dobromĭ i sŭsǫdyukrašena estŭ · reče ·

     Some of his disciples were remarking about how the temple was adorned with beautiful stones and with gifts dedicated to God. But Jesus said

   • 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 57, line 18:

     доидошꙙ и новосвѣтълꙑѧ благовѣрию подвижьникꙑ· ѥже доухомь господьн҄емь ꙁлатꙑ строуѧ· добрꙑѧ цвѣтьцꙙ крьстиꙗномъ·

     doidošę i novosvětŭlyę blagověriju podvižĭniky· ježe duxomĭ gospodĭnʹemĭ zlaty struę· dobryę cvětĭcę krĭstijanomŭ·

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Short declension of добръ (hard o/a stem)

	singular			dual			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	добръ dobrŭ	добро dobro	добра dobra	добра dobra	добрѣ dobrě		добри dobri	добра dobra	добрꙑ dobry
genitive	добра dobra		добрꙑ dobry	доброу dobru		доброу dobru	добръ dobrŭ		добръ dobrŭ
dative	доброу dobru		добрѣ dobrě	доброма dobroma		добрама dobrama	добромъ dobromŭ		добрамъ dobramŭ
accusative	добръ dobrŭ	добро dobro	добрѫ dobrǫ	добра dobra	добрѣ dobrě		добрꙑ dobry	добра dobra	добрꙑ dobry
instrumental	добромь dobromĭ		добрѭ dobrjǫ	доброма dobroma		добрама dobrama	добрꙑ dobry		добрами dobrami
locative	добрѣ dobrě		добрѣ dobrě	доброу dobru		доброу dobru	добрѣхъ dobrěxŭ		добрахъ dobraxŭ
vocative	добръ dobrŭ	добро dobro	добра dobra	добра dobra	добрѣ dobrě		добри dobri	добра dobra	добрꙑ dobry

Long declension of добръ (hard o/a stem)

	singular			dual			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	добрꙑи dobryi	доброѥ dobroje	добраꙗ dobraja	добраꙗ dobraja	добрѣи dobrěi		добрии dobrii	добраꙗ dobraja	добрꙑѩ dobryję
genitive	добраѥго dobrajego		добрꙑѩ dobryję	доброую dobruju		доброую dobruju	добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ		добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ
dative	доброуѥмоу dobrujemu		добрѣи dobrěi	добрꙑима dobryima		добрꙑима dobryima	добрꙑимъ dobryimŭ		добрꙑимъ dobryimŭ
accusative	добрꙑи dobryi	доброѥ dobroje	добрѫѭ dobrǫjǫ	добраꙗ dobraja	добрѣи dobrěi		добрꙑѩ dobryję	добраꙗ dobraja	добрꙑѩ dobryję
instrumental	добрꙑимь dobryimĭ		добрѭ dobrjǫ	добрꙑима dobryima		добрꙑима dobryima	добрꙑими dobryimi		добрꙑими dobryimi
locative	добрѣѥмь dobrějemĭ		добрѣи dobrěi	доброую dobruju		доброую dobruju	добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ		добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ
vocative	добрꙑи dobryi	доброѥ dobroje	добраꙗ dobraja	добраꙗ dobraja	добрѣи dobrěi		добрии dobrii	добраꙗ dobraja	добрꙑѩ dobryję

Derived terms

nouns

• добро n (dobro)
• добровониѥ n (dobrovonije)
• добродѣꙗниѥ n (dobrodějanije)
• добрость f (dobrostĭ)
• доброта f (dobrota)
• доброчьстиѥ n (dobročĭstije)

 

adjectives

• доброличьнъ (dobroličĭnŭ)
• доброобразьнъ (dobroobrazĭnŭ)
• добропотрѣбьнъ (dobropotrěbĭnŭ)
• доброразоумивъ (dobrorazumivŭ)
• доброродьнъ (dobrorodĭnŭ)
• доброчьстивъ (dobročĭstivŭ)

 

verbs

• добродѣꙗти impf (dobrodějati)
• доброприимати impf (dobropriimati)

 

References

• “добръ”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2024
• Havlová, Eva, editor (1992), “dobrъ”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language] (in Czech), numbers 3 (dělo – gospodь), Prague: Academia, →ISBN, page 137

Old East Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dobrъ.

Pronunciation

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈdoːbrʊ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈdoːbrʊ/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈdɔːbr/, /ˈdoːbr/
• Hyphenation: до‧бръ

Adjective

добръ (dobrŭ)

1. good
   • 1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik‎^[1], page 1:

     Добро есть, братиѥ, почѥтаньѥ книжьноѥ։ паче вьсѧкомоу хрьстьꙗноу·

     Dobro estĭ, bratije, počjetanĭje knižĭnoje։ pače vĭsękomu xrĭstĭjanu·

     The reading of books is good, brothers: more so for any Christian.

Declension

Short declension of добръ (hard o/a stem)

	Singular			Dual			Plural
	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
Nominative	добръ dobrŭ	добро dobro	добра dobra	добра dobra	добрѣ dobrě		добри dobri	добра dobra	добрꙑ dobry
Genitive	добра dobra		добрꙑ dobry	добру dobru		добру dobru	добръ dobrŭ		добръ dobrŭ
Dative	добру dobru		добрѣ dobrě	доброма dobroma		добрама dobrama	добромъ dobromŭ		добрамъ dobramŭ
Accusative	добръ dobrŭ	добро dobro	добрѫ dobrǫ	добра dobra	добрѣ dobrě		добри dobri	добра dobra	добрꙑ dobry
Instrumental	добръмь dobrŭmĭ		доброѭ dobrojǫ	доброма dobroma		добрама dobrama	добрꙑ dobry		добрами dobrami
Locative	добрѣ dobrě		добрѣ dobrě	добру dobru		добру dobru	добрѣхъ dobrěxŭ		добрахъ dobraxŭ

Long declension of добръ (hard o/a stem)

	Singular			Dual			Plural
	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
Nominative	добрꙑи dobryi	доброе dobroe	добраꙗ dobraja	добраꙗ dobraja	добрѣи dobrěi		добрии dobrii	добраꙗ dobraja	добрꙑѣ dobryě
Genitive	доброго dobrogo		добрꙑѣ dobryě	добрую dobruju		добрую dobruju	добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ		добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ
Dative	доброму dobromu		доброи dobroi	добрꙑима dobryima		добрꙑима dobryima	добрꙑимъ dobryimŭ		добрꙑимъ dobryimŭ
Accusative	добрꙑи dobryi	доброе dobroe	добрѫѭ dobrǫjǫ	добраꙗ dobraja	добрѣи dobrěi		добрꙑѣ dobryě	добраꙗ dobraja	добрꙑѣ dobryě
Instrumental	добрꙑимь dobryimĭ		доброѭ dobrojǫ	добрꙑима dobryima		добрꙑима dobryima	добрꙑими dobryimi		добрꙑими dobryimi
Locative	добромь dobromĭ		доброи dobroi	добрую dobruju		добрую dobruju	добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ		добрꙑихъ dobryixŭ

Descendants

• Old Ruthenian: добрый (dobryj)
  • Belarusian: до́бры (dóbry)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: до́брый (dóbrŷj)
  • Ukrainian: до́брий (dóbryj)
• Russian: до́брый (dóbryj)
  • Russenorsk: daabra, dobra
  • Solombala English: добра (dobra)

References

• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “добръ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[2] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 681