кара
Belarusian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old East Slavic кора (kora, “bark”), from Proto-Slavic *kora (“bark”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
кара́ • (kará) f inan (genitive кары́, uncountable)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Slavic *kara (“punishment”), from Proto-Indo-European *kor-.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ка́ра • (kára) f inan (genitive ка́ры, nominative plural ка́ры, genitive plural кар)
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | ка́ра kára |
ка́ры káry |
genitive | ка́ры káry |
кар kar |
dative | ка́ры káry |
ка́рам káram |
accusative | ка́ру káru |
ка́ры káry |
instrumental | ка́рай, ка́раю káraj, káraju |
ка́рамі kárami |
locative | ка́ры káry |
ка́рах kárax |
count form | — | ка́ры1 káry1 |
1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
Dolgan edit
Dolgan | кара |
---|---|
Sakha | хара |
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *kara, compare Yakut хара (qara), Turkish kara.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
кара • (kara)
Kyrgyz edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”)
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
кара • (kara) (comparative [please provide], superlative [please provide], Arabic spelling قارا)
See also edit
ак (ak) | боз (boz) | кара (kara) |
кызыл (kızıl); кара кочкул (kara kockul) | кызгылт сары (kızgılt sarı); күрөң (küröŋ) | сары (sarı); каймак түстүү (kaymak tüstüü) |
саргыч жашыл (sargıc jaşıl) | жашыл (jaşıl) | жалбыз түстүү (jalbız tüstüü) |
көгүш (kögüş) | көгүлтүр (kögültür), | көк (kök) |
кызгылт көгүш (kızgılt kögüş); кочкул көк (kockul kök) | кочкул кызыл (kockul kızıl); кызгылт көк (kızgılt kök) | кызгылт (kızgılt) |
Macedonian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *karati (“to punish, scold”).
Verb edit
кара • (kara) third-singular present, impf (perfective искара)
- (transitive) to scold, reprimand
Usage notes edit
- Whereas this word has a general application, it is often associated specifically with children, so using it to speak of adults being scolded, e.g. by their boss, may make it sound as though they were being infantilized. A more appropriate word for adults (and serious situations in general) would be "прекорува".
Conjugation edit
l-participles | imperfect | aorist | non-finite forms | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | карал | — | adjectival participle | каран | ||
feminine | карала | — | adverbial participle | карајќи | ||
neuter | карало | — | verbal noun | карање | ||
plural | карале | — | perfect participle | карано | ||
present | imperfect | aorist | imperative | |||
1st singular | карам | карав | — | — | ||
2nd singular | караш | караше | — | карај | ||
3rd singular | кара | караше | — | — | ||
1st plural | караме | каравме | — | — | ||
2nd plural | карате | каравте | — | карајте | ||
3rd plural | караат | караа | — | — | ||
Compound tenses | ||||||
perfect | сум карал | present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle | ||||
има-perfect | имам карано | present of има + perfect participle | ||||
pluperfect | бев карал | imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle | ||||
има-pluperfect | имав карано | imperfect of има + perfect participle | ||||
има-perfect reported | сум имал карано | perfect of има + perfect participle | ||||
future | ќе карам | ќе + present | ||||
има-future | ќе имам карано | future of има + perfect participle | ||||
future in the past | ќе карав | ќе + imperfect | ||||
има-future in the past | ќе имав карано | future in the past of има + perfect participle | ||||
future reported | ќе сум карал | ќе + imperfect l-participle | ||||
има-future reported | ќе сум имал карано | future reported of има + perfect participle | ||||
conditional | би карал | би + imperfect l-participle | ||||
има-conditional | би имал карано | conditional of има + perfect participle |
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb edit
кара • (kara) third-singular present, impf (perfective окара)
- (transitive, intransitive, dialectal) to swear, curse (profanity)
- Synonym: пцуе (pcue)
Conjugation edit
l-participles | imperfect | aorist | non-finite forms | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | карал | — | adjectival participle | каран | ||
feminine | карала | — | adverbial participle | карајќи | ||
neuter | карало | — | verbal noun | карање | ||
plural | карале | — | perfect participle | карано | ||
present | imperfect | aorist | imperative | |||
1st singular | карам | карав | — | — | ||
2nd singular | караш | караше | — | карај | ||
3rd singular | кара | караше | — | — | ||
1st plural | караме | каравме | — | — | ||
2nd plural | карате | каравте | — | карајте | ||
3rd plural | караат | караа | — | — | ||
Compound tenses | ||||||
perfect | сум карал | present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle | ||||
има-perfect | имам карано | present of има + perfect participle | ||||
pluperfect | бев карал | imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle | ||||
има-pluperfect | имав карано | imperfect of има + perfect participle | ||||
има-perfect reported | сум имал карано | perfect of има + perfect participle | ||||
future | ќе карам | ќе + present | ||||
има-future | ќе имам карано | future of има + perfect participle | ||||
future in the past | ќе карав | ќе + imperfect | ||||
има-future in the past | ќе имав карано | future in the past of има + perfect participle | ||||
future reported | ќе сум карал | ќе + imperfect l-participle | ||||
има-future reported | ќе сум имал карано | future reported of има + perfect participle | ||||
conditional | би карал | би + imperfect l-participle | ||||
има-conditional | би имал карано | conditional of има + perfect participle |
Etymology 3 edit
Borrowed from German Karre (“cart, barrow”).
Noun edit
Declension edit
References edit
- “кара” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu
Anagrams edit
Russian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara (“punishment”), from Proto-Indo-European *kor-. Cognate with Old Irish caire (“blame, disapproval”).
Noun edit
ка́ра • (kára) f inan (genitive ка́ры, nominative plural ка́ры, genitive plural кар)
Declension edit
Related terms edit
- кара́тель (karátelʹ)
- кара́тельный (karátelʹnyj)
- кара́ть (karátʹ)
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
ка́ра • (kára) m inan
Southern Altai edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”).
Noun edit
кара • (kara)
Tatar edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
кара • (qara)
- black (color)
See also edit
ак (aq) | соры (sorı) | кара (qara) |
кызыл (qızıl); кырмызы (qırmızı) | әфлисун (äflisun); көрән (körän) | сары (sarı) |
сары-яшел (sarı-yaşel), лайм (laym) | яшел (yaşel) | куе яшел (quye yaşel) |
яшел-зәңгәр (yaşel-zäñgär), күк (kük), фирәзә (firäzä); зәңгәр-яшел (zäñgär-yaşel) | зәңгәрсу (zäñgärsu) | зәңгәр (zäñgär) |
шәмәхә (şämäxä); миләүшә (miläwşä) | кызыл-шәмәхә (qızıl-şämäxä), гөлчәчәк (gölçäçäk); шәмәхә (şämäxä) | алсу (alsu) |
Tuvan edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”). Cognate with Turkish kara (“black”).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
кара • (kara)
Noun edit
кара • (kara) (definite accusative караны, plural каралар)
- black (colour)
See also edit
ак (ak) | куу (kuu) | кара (kara) |
кызыл (kızıl); ягаан (yagaan) | кызыл-сарыг (kızıl-sarıg); хүрең (xüreñ) | сарыг (sarıg); ак-сарыг (ak-sarıg) |
сарыг-ногаан (sarıg-nogaan) | ногаан (nogaan) | |
ак-көк (ak-kök) | көк (kök) | |
өкпең (ökpeñ) | ак-кызыл (ak-kızıl) |
Ukrainian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Slavic *kara (“punishment”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ка́ра • (kára) f inan (genitive ка́ри, nominative plural ка́ри, genitive plural кар)
- penalty, punishment, retribution
- Synonym: покара́ння n (pokaránnja)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Adjective edit
ка́ра • (kára)
- feminine nominative singular of ка́рий (káryj)
References edit
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “кара”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “кара”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)