Wiktionary

кум

Eastern Mari edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /kum/
  • Rhymes: -um
  • Hyphenation: кум

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Mari *kŭm, from Proto-Uralic *kolme. Cognate with Western Mari кым (kym).

Alternative forms edit

Numeral edit

кум • (kum)

Eastern Mari cardinal numbers
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal : кум (kum)
  1. three
    кум сутка
    kum sutka
    three days

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Russian кум (kum).

Noun edit

кум • (kum)

  1. godfather
  2. father (of one's godchild)
  3. (figuratively) nepotism, favoritism/favouritism
    пашаште кум лийшаш огыл
    pašašte kum ĺijšaš ogyl
    you shouldn't show favoritism in work
Declension edit
Declension of кум
singular plural
nominative кум (kum) кум-влак (kum-vlak)
accusative кумым (kumym) кум-влакым (kum-vlakym)
genitive кумын (kumyn) кум-влакын (kum-vlakyn)
dative кумлан (kumlan) кум-влаклан (kum-vlaklan)
comitative кумге (kumge) кум-влакге (kum-vlakge)
comparative кумла (kumla) кум-влакла (kum-vlakla)
inessive кумышто (kumyšto) кум-влакыште (kum-vlakyšte)
illative (short) кумыш (kumyš) кум-влакыш (kum-vlakyš)
illative (long) кумышко (kumyško) кум-влакышке (kum-vlakyške)
lative кумеш (kumeš) кум-влакеш (kum-vlakeš)
Possessed forms of кум
singular plural
1st person кумем (kumem) кумна (kumna)
2nd person кумет (kumet) кумда (kumda)
3rd person кумжо (kumžo) кумышт (kumyšt)

References edit

  • J. Bradley et al. (2023) “кум”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

Kyrgyz edit

 
Kyrgyz Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ky

Etymology edit

From Proto-Turkic *kum.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

кум • (kum) (Arabic spelling قۇم)

  1. sand (finely ground rock)

Declension edit

Declension of кум
singular
(жекелик) 		plural
(көптөгөн)
nominative (атооч) кум
kum 		кумдар
kumdar
genitive (илик) кумдун
kumdun 		кумдардын
kumdardın
dative (барыш) кумга
kumga 		кумдарга
kumdarga
accusative (табыш) кумду
kumdu 		кумдарды
kumdardı
locative (жатыш) кумда
kumda 		кумдарда
kumdarda
ablative (чыгыш) кумдан
kumdan 		кумдардан
kumdardan
possessive forms
first-person singular
(менин)
nominative кумум
kumum 		кумдарым
kumdarım
genitive кумумдун
kumumdun 		кумдарымдын
kumdarımdın
dative кумума
kumuma 		кумдарыма
kumdarıma
accusative кумумду
kumumdu 		кумдарымды
kumdarımdı
locative кумумда
kumumda 		кумдарымда
kumdarımda
ablative кумумдан
kumumdan 		кумдарымдан
kumdarımdan
second-person singular informal
(сенин)
nominative кумуң
kumuŋ 		кумдарың
kumdarıŋ
genitive кумуңдун
kumuŋdun 		кумдарыңдын
kumdarıŋdın
dative кумуңа
kumuŋa 		кумдарыңа
kumdarıŋa
accusative кумуңду
kumuŋdu 		кумдарыңды
kumdarıŋdı
locative кумуңда
kumuŋda 		кумдарыңда
kumdarıŋda
ablative кумуңдан
kumuŋdan 		кумдарыңдан
kumdarıŋdan
second-person singular formal
(сиздин)
nominative кумуңуз
kumuŋuz 		кумдарыңыз
kumdarıŋız
genitive кумуңуздун
kumuŋuzdun 		кумдарыңыздын
kumdarıŋızdın
dative кумуңузга
kumuŋuzga 		кумдарыңызга
kumdarıŋızga
accusative кумуңузду
kumuŋuzdu 		кумдарыңызды
kumdarıŋızdı
locative кумуңузда
kumuŋuzda 		кумдарыңызда
kumdarıŋızda
ablative кумуңуздан
kumuŋuzdan 		кумдарыңыздан
kumdarıŋızdan

Macedonian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

кум • (kum) m (plural кумови, feminine кума, relational adjective кумов, diminutive кумче)

  1. witness (at a wedding)
  2. godfather

Declension edit

Declension of кум
singular plural
indefinite кум кумови
definite unspecified кумот кумовите
definite proximal кумов кумовиве
definite distal кумон кумовине
vocative куме кумови
count form — кума

Derived terms edit

Nogai edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Turkic *kum. Cognate to Kazakh құм (qūm), Karakalpak qum, etc.

Noun edit

кум • (qum)

  1. sand

Northern Altai edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Turkic *kum. Cognate to Shor қум (qum), қумақ (qumaq), Khakas хум (xum), Chulym қум (qum), Western Yugur qum, Tuvan кум (kum), Tofa һум (hum), etc.

Noun edit

кум • (kum)

  1. sand

See also edit

References edit

  • N. A. Baskakov, editor (1985), “кум, кубак, кувак”, in Severnyje Dialekty Altajskovo( Ojrotskovo) Jazyka- Dialekt Lebedinskix Tatar-čalkancev(kuu-kiži) [Northern Altai language-Dialect of Chelkan], Moskva: glavnaja redakcija vostočnoj literatury, →ISBN
  • N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “кубак”, in Severnyje dialekty Altajskovo (Ojrotskovo Jazyka- Dialekt kumandincev(Kumandin Kiži) [Northern Dialect of Altai -Kumandin Dialect(Kumandin kiži)], Moskva: glavnaja redakcija vostočnoja literatury, →ISBN

Russian edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [kum]
  • Audio(file)

Etymology 1 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun edit

кум • (kum) m anim (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural кумовья́, genitive plural кумовьёв, feminine кума́)

  1. godfather of one's child
  2. father of one's godchild
  3. (colloquial) a friend in high places, one's benefactor
  4. (criminal slang) security officer, detective
  5. (obsolete) man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)
Declension edit
Declension of кум (anim masc-form hard-stem accent-c irreg) 
singular plural
nominative ку́м
kúm 		кумовья́△
kumovʹjá△
genitive ку́ма
kúma 		кумовьёв△
kumovʹjóv△
dative ку́му
kúmu 		кумовья́м△
kumovʹjám△
accusative ку́ма
kúma 		кумовьёв△
kumovʹjóv△
instrumental ку́мом
kúmom 		кумовья́ми△
kumovʹjámi△
prepositional ку́ме
kúme 		кумовья́х△
kumovʹjáx△

△ Irregular.

Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
  • → Ingrian: kooma
See also edit

Further reading edit

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кум”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кума”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Turkic; compare to Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Uzbek qum.

Noun edit

кум • (kum) m inan (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural ку́мы, genitive plural ку́мов)

  1. (geomorphology) erg, sand sea (in Central Asia)
Declension edit
Declension of кум (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 
singular plural
nominative ку́м
kúm 		ку́мы
kúmy
genitive ку́ма
kúma 		ку́мов
kúmov
dative ку́му
kúmu 		ку́мам
kúmam
accusative ку́м
kúm 		ку́мы
kúmy
instrumental ку́мом
kúmom 		ку́мами
kúmami
prepositional ку́ме
kúme 		ку́мах
kúmax

Etymology 3 edit

Noun edit

кум • (kum) f anim pl

  1. genitive/accusative plural of кума́ (kumá)

Serbo-Croatian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, from earlier *kъmotrъ, from Latin commater, see kmotra, kmotr in Czech.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ку̑м m (Latin spelling kȗm)

  1. godfather
  2. witness (at wedding)
Declension edit
Declension of кум
singular plural
nominative ку̑м ку̏мови
genitive кума кумова
dative куму кумовима
accusative кума кумове
vocative куме кумови
locative куму кумовима
instrumental кумом кумовима

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قوم (Turkish kum (“sand”)).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ку̏м m (Latin spelling kȕm)

  1. (uncountable) sand
Declension edit
Declension of кум
singular
nominative кум
genitive кума
dative куму
accusative кум
vocative куму
locative куму
instrumental кумом

Southern Altai edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”). Cognate with Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Crimean Tatar qum, Kumyk хум (xum), Bashkir ҡом (qom), Tatar ком (qom), Azerbaijani qum, Turkish kum, Turkmen gum, Uzbek qum, Khakas хум (xum), Shor қум, Tuvan кум (kum), Western Yugur qum, etc.

Noun edit

кум • (kum)

  1. sand

Synonyms edit

References edit

“кум”, in Grammatika Altajskovo Jazyka [Altaic language Grammar], Kazan: V universtiteskoj til, 1869, →ISBN

Tuvan edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”).

Noun edit

кум • (kum) (definite accusative кумну, plural кумнар)

  1. sand

Ukrainian edit

 
Ukrainian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia uk

Pronunciation edit

  This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Slavic *kumъ, back-formation from *kuma (“godmother”) (whence also кума́ (kumá)), from Balkan Vulgar Latin *cómmater, from Latin compater (“godfather”).

Noun edit

кум • (kum) m pers (genitive ку́ма, nominative plural ку́ми, genitive plural ку́мів, feminine кума́, relational adjective кумі́вський or ку́мів)

  1. godfather of one's child
  2. father of one's godchild
  3. (colloquial) man, fellow (form of address to a middle-aged or elderly man)
  4. (folk poetic) used as an epithet for a wolf
Declension edit
Declension of кум (pers hard masc-form accent-a)
singular plural
nominative кум
kum 		ку́ми
kúmy
genitive ку́ма
kúma 		ку́мів
kúmiv
dative ку́мові, ку́му
kúmovi, kúmu 		ку́мам
kúmam
accusative ку́ма
kúma 		ку́мів
kúmiv
instrumental ку́мом
kúmom 		ку́мами
kúmamy
locative ку́мові, ку́мі
kúmovi, kúmi 		ку́мах
kúmax
vocative ку́ме
kúme 		ку́ми
kúmy
Related terms edit
See also edit

Further reading edit

Etymology 2 edit

Onomatopoeic

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

кум • (kum)

  1. sound of a frog, ribbit
Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

Etymology 3 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun edit

кум • (kum) f pers pl

  1. genitive/accusative plural of кума́ (kumá)
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