москаль
Old Ruthenian edit
Alternative forms edit
- моска́лъ (moskál)
Noun edit
москаль • (moskalʹ) m pers
- a Muscovite
- (collective) Muscovites
- Synonyms: москва́ (moskvá), москвити́нъ (moskvitín)
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- Bulyka, A. M., editor (1999), “москаль”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 18 (местце – надзовати), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 166
Russian edit
Etymology edit
Perhaps derived from Old Ruthenian москаль (moskalʹ), from Московия (Moskovija), referring to the Grand Duchy of Moscow from the 12th century. Its recent negative association originated from referring to soldiers from the Imperial Russian Army, and later applied to the Soviet Army and Russians in general.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
моска́ль • (moskálʹ) m anim (genitive москаля́, nominative plural москали́, genitive plural москале́й)
- (Ukraine, Southern Russia, Belarus, ethnic slur) a Muscovite, someone from Moscow or the surrounding region
- (by extension, Ukraine, Belarus, ethnic slur) any Russian person, Russki
- Synonym: каца́п (kacáp)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- москалька (moskalʹka)
- москальский (moskalʹskij)
- москаляк (moskaljak)
Descendants edit
- → Romanian: muscal
Ukrainian edit
Etymology edit
From contraction of Ottoman Turkish مسقولو (moskovlu, “Russian”, literally “Muscovite”).[1] Its recent negative association originated from referring to soldiers from the Imperial Russian Army, and later applied to the Soviet Army and Russians in general.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
моска́ль • (moskálʹ) m pers (genitive москаля́, nominative plural москалі́, genitive plural москалі́в, feminine моска́лька, relational adjective моска́льський)
- (derogatory, ethnic slur) a Russian person, Russki
- Чи ти ві́риш, що москалі́ з'ї́ли все на́ше са́ло?
- Čy ty víryš, ščo moskalí zʺjíly vse náše sálo?
- Do you (really) believe that Russkies have eaten all our salo (lard)?
- (derogatory, ethnic slur) a Muscovite
- Synonym: москви́ч m (moskvýč)
- (archaic) a Russian person; an inhabitant of the Russian Empire; a Great Russian
- (archaic) soldier
Declension edit
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | моска́ль moskálʹ |
москалі́ moskalí |
| genitive | москаля́ moskaljá |
москалі́в moskalív |
| dative | москале́ві, москалю́ moskalévi, moskaljú |
москаля́м moskaljám |
| accusative | москаля́ moskaljá |
москалі́в moskalív |
| instrumental | москале́м moskalém |
москаля́ми moskaljámy |
| locative | москале́ві, москалю́, москалі́ moskalévi, moskaljú, moskalí |
москаля́х moskaljáx |
| vocative | моска́лю moskálju |
москалі́ moskalí |
Synonyms edit
- (a Russian person): каца́п (kacáp)
Derived terms edit
- москаленя́ (moskalenjá)
References edit
- ^ Kazem-Beg, Mirza Mohammad-Ali (1851) Derbend-Nâmeh, or The History of Derbend, published with notes by Mirza A. Kazem-Beg[1], Russian Academy of Sciences, page 16:
- روسيه و مسقو: We sometimes meet with the words Russiyeh and Mosgkou together, in some of the Eastern authors; by the former we should understand rather Slavonia, and by the latter the Russia of later centuries. The word Mosgkou, the name of the great capital of the country, has for many ages been used as a proper name for all Russia by the Ottomans, the same as Moscovy by some European writers. The word Mosgkowly, i.e. Moscovian, denotes among the Ottomans the Russians in general; and its contraction, namely Moscal was, with many other Turkish words, introduced among the Malo-Russian, or the inhabitants of little Russia, as a proper name for their Northern brethren.
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “москаль”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka