сꙑнъ

See also: сынь and сынъ

Old Church Slavonic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɯnʊ/
• Syllabification: сꙑ‧нъ

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ (“son”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Sense 1.1, sense 1.2, sense 1.3, sense 1, sense 2, sense 3 are semantic loan from Ancient Greek υἱός (huiós).

Noun

сꙑнъ • (synŭ) m

2. son

   Synonym: чѧдо (čędo)

   • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 20:20:

     Тъгда пристѫпи къ немоу мати сн҃овоу зеведеовоу · съ сн҃ьма своима кланѣѭш̑ти сѧ · ꙇ просѧшти нѣчесо отъ него ·

     Tŭgda pristǫpi kŭ nemu mati sn:ovu zevedeovu · sŭ sn:ĭma svoima klanějǫš̑ti sę · i prosęšti něčeso otŭ nego ·

     Then the mother of Zebedee’s sons came to Jesus with her sons and, kneeling down, asked a favor of him.

   • 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 96, line 12:

     нъ иди рече ѡ҄ сн҃оу на добръи пѫть

     nŭ idi reče oʹ sn:u na dobry pǫtĭ

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   2. (figurative) about adopted and spiritual sons
      • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of John 19:26:

        ꙇс҃ же видѣвъ матерь · ꙇ оученика стоѩшта егоже люблѣаше · гл҃а матери своеи · жено се сн҃ъ твои ·

        is: že viděvŭ materĭ · i učenika stojęšta egože ljublěaše · gl:a materi svoei · ženo se sn:ŭ tvoi ·

        When Jesus saw his mother there, and the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to her, “Woman,[a] here is your son,”

   4. (religion, figurative) about the angels
      • 11th century, Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 88:7:

        къто […] подобітъ сѩ г‹оспод›ю въ сн҃хъ бж҃іхъ

        kŭto […] podobitŭ sję g‹ospod›ju vŭ sn:xŭ bž:ixŭ

        Who is like the Lord among the heavenly beings

   6. (Christianity, figurative) about the chosen ones of God
      • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Luke 6:35:

        обаче любите врагы вашѧ и благотворите · ꙇ въ заимъ даите ничесожене чаѭще · и бѫдетъ мъзда ваша мънога · ꙇ бѫдете сн҃ове вышънѣего ·ѣко тъ благъ естъ на невъзблагодатъныѩ и зълыѩ ·

        obače ljubite vragy vašę i blagotvorite · i vŭ zaimŭ daite ničesožene čajǫšte · i bǫdetŭ mŭzda vaša mŭnoga · i bǫdete sn:ove vyšŭněego ·ěko tŭ blagŭ estŭ na nevŭzblagodatŭnyję i zŭlyję ·

        But love your enemies, do good to them, and lend to them without expecting to get anything back. Then your reward will be great, and you will be children of the Most High, because he is kind to the ungrateful and wicked.

4. descendant, offspring

   Synonyms: сѣмѧ (sěmę), ищѧдиѥ (ištędije), племѧ (plemę), чѧдо (čędo)

   • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 23:31:

     тѣмъ же сами съвѣдѣтельствоуете себѣ ·ѣко сн҃ове есте избивъшихъ пр҃кы ·

     těmŭ že sami sŭvědětelĭstvuete sebě ·ěko sn:ove este izbivŭšixŭ pr:ky ·

     So you testify against yourselves that you are the descendants of those who murdered the prophets.

   сꙑнъ давꙑдовъ ― synŭ davydovŭ ― Son of David

   сꙑнъ чловѣчь ― synŭ člověčĭ ― Son of Man

   сꙑнъ чловѣчьскъ ― synŭ člověčĭskŭ ― Son of Man

6. baby animal
   • 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 324, line 23:

     аште да ѥсте сꙑнове сиѡни· ликоуите съ чꙙдꙑ своими·

     ašte da jeste synove sioni· likuite sŭ čędy svoimi·

     Therefore, if you are children of Zion, rejoice with your children

   • 11th century, Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 28:6:

     вьзлюбленъ ѣко сн҃ъ норожъ

     vĭzljublenŭ ěko sn:ŭ norožŭ

     as the beloved son of unicorns

   • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 21:5:

     ръцѣте дъщери сионовѣ · се цс҃ръ твои грѧдетъ тебѣ ·кротокъ и вьсѣдъ на осьлѧ · ꙇ жрѣбѧ сн҃а ѣрьмьнича ·

     rŭcěte dŭšteri sionově · se cs:rŭ tvoi grędetŭ tebě ·krotokŭ i vĭsědŭ na osĭlę · i žrěbę sn:a ěrĭmĭniča ·

     “Say to Daughter Zion, ‘See, your king comes to you, gentle and riding on a donkey, and on a colt, the foal of a donkey.’”

Proper noun

сꙑнъ • (synŭ) m

2. (Christianity theology) Son (title of Jesus)

   Coordinate terms: отьць (otĭcĭ), доухъ свѧтъ (duxŭ svętŭ), троица (troica)

   сꙑнъ божии ― synŭ božii ― Son of God

   сꙑнъ вꙑшьнꙗѥго ― synŭ vyšĭnjajego ― Son of the Most High

   сꙑнъ благословлѥнаѥго ― synŭ blagoslovljenajego ― Son of the Blessed

   • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 28:19:

     Шьдъше оубо наоучите вьсѧ ѩз҃кы · крьстѧште ѩ въ імѧ от҃цаи сн҃а и с҃тааго дх҃а ·

     Šĭdŭše ubo naučite vĭsę jęz:ky · krĭstęšte ję vŭ imę ot:cai sn:a i s:taago dx:a ·

     Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit...

Declension

Declension of сꙑнъ (u-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	сꙑнъ synŭ	сꙑнꙑ syny	сꙑнове synove
genitive	сꙑноу synu	сꙑновоу synovu	сꙑновъ synovŭ
dative	сꙑнови synovi	сꙑнъма synŭma	сꙑнъмъ synŭmŭ
accusative	сꙑнъ synŭ	сꙑнꙑ syny	сꙑнꙑ syny
instrumental	сꙑнъмь synŭmĭ	сꙑнъма synŭma	сꙑнъми synŭmi
locative	сꙑноу synu	сꙑновоу synovu	сꙑнъхъ synŭxŭ
vocative	сꙑноу synu	сꙑнꙑ syny	сꙑнове synove

Declension of сꙑнъ (o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	сꙑнъ synŭ	сꙑна syna	сꙑни syni
genitive	сꙑна syna	сꙑноу synu	сꙑнъ synŭ
dative	сꙑноу, сꙑнови synu, synovi	сꙑнома synoma	сꙑномъ synomŭ
accusative	сꙑнъ, сꙑна synŭ, syna	сꙑна syna	сꙑнꙑ syny
instrumental	сꙑномъ synomŭ	сꙑнома synoma	сꙑнꙑ syny
locative	сꙑнѣ syně	сꙑноу synu	сꙑнѣхъ syněxŭ
vocative	сꙑне syne	сꙑна syna	сꙑни syni

Alternative forms

• ⱄⱏⰺⱀⱏ (synŭ) — Glagolitic
• сн҃ъ (sn:ŭ) — abbreviation

Derived terms

nouns

• въсꙑнѥниѥ n (vŭsynjenije)

 

Descendants

• Bulgarian: син (sin)
• →? Romanian: sin

See also

Old Church Slavic family terms

отьчьство (otĭčĭstvo, “family”)	Male	Female
parent родител҄ь (roditelʹĭ)	отьць (otĭcĭ), авва (avva, “father”)	мати (mati, “mother”)
sibling	братръ (bratrŭ, “brother”)	сестра (sestra, “sister”)
child	сꙑнъ (synŭ, “son”)	дъщи (dŭšti, “daughter”)
grandparent	дѣдъ (dědŭ, “grandfather”)	баба (baba, “grandmother”)
grandchild	въноукъ (vŭnukŭ, “grandson”)	– (“granddaughter”)
great-grandparent	прѣдѣдъ (prědědŭ, “great-grandfather”)	– (“great-grandmother”)
mother's sibling	оуи (ui, “maternal uncle”)	– (“maternal aunt”)
father's sibling	стрꙑи (stryi, “paternal uncle”)	– (“paternal aunt”)
sibling's child	братанъ (bratanŭ), сꙑновь (synovĭ), сꙑновьць (synovĭcĭ, “nephew”)	братана (bratana, “niece”)
cousin	братоучѧдъ (bratučędŭ, “male cousin”)	братоучѧда (bratučęda, “female cousin”)
spouse	мѫжь (mǫžĭ), чрьтожьникъ (črĭtožĭnikŭ), малъженъ (malŭženŭ, “husband”)	жена (žena), чрьтожьница (črĭtožĭnica), съложь (sŭložĭ, “wife”)
parent of wife	тьсть (tĭstĭ, “father-in-law (wife's father)”)	тьща (tĭšta, “mother-in-law (wife's mother)”)
parent of husband	свекръ (svekrŭ, “father-in-law (husband's father)”)	свекрꙑ (svekry, “mother-in-law (husband's father)”)
sibling of husband	дєвєръ (deverŭ, “brother-in-law (husband's brother)”)	зълꙑ (zŭly, “sister-in-law (husband's sister)”)
spouse of child	зѧть (zętĭ, “son-in-law (daughter's husband)”)	снъха (snŭxa, “daughter-in-law (son's wife)”)
spouse of husband's brother	–	етрꙑ (etry), кѫпетра (kǫpetra, “sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)”)
stepchild	пасторъкъ (pastorŭkŭ, “stepson”)	– (“stepdaughter”)
step-parent	отьчимъ (otĭčimŭ, “stepfather”)	мащеха (maštexa, “stepmother”)

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Probably borrowed from Bulgar, compare Tatar sın (“figure, body; pose; image; statue; idol”), Uzbek sin (“posture, poise”), Turkish sin (“grave”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *sï(y)n.

It was also compared to Ancient Greek μόσσυν (móssun) of unknown etymology.

Noun

сꙑнъ • (synŭ) m

1. (architecture) tower

   Synonyms: стлъпъ (stlŭpŭ), трѣмъ (trěmŭ)

   • 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 94, line 21:

     ꙗкоже се сꙑнове чꙙсти · възбран҄ѣѭште нашествиꙗ ратънꙑихъ

     jakože se synove čęsti · vŭzbranʹějǫšte našestvija ratŭnyixŭ

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 553, line 27:

     иде въ малꙑи сꙑнъ · иже бѣ тъгда въ манастꙑри · на прибѣганьѥ съзъданъ

     ide vŭ malyi synŭ · iže bě tŭgda vŭ manastyri · na priběganĭje sŭzŭdanŭ

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Declension of сꙑнъ (u-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	сꙑнъ synŭ	сꙑнꙑ syny	сꙑнове synove
genitive	сꙑноу synu	сꙑновоу synovu	сꙑновъ synovŭ
dative	сꙑнови synovi	сꙑнъма synŭma	сꙑнъмъ synŭmŭ
accusative	сꙑнъ synŭ	сꙑнꙑ syny	сꙑнꙑ syny
instrumental	сꙑнъмь synŭmĭ	сꙑнъма synŭma	сꙑнъми synŭmi
locative	сꙑноу synu	сꙑновоу synovu	сꙑнъхъ synŭxŭ
vocative	сꙑноу synu	сꙑнꙑ syny	сꙑнове synove

Declension of сꙑнъ (o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	сꙑнъ synŭ	сꙑна syna	сꙑни syni
genitive	сꙑна syna	сꙑноу synu	сꙑнъ synŭ
dative	сꙑноу synu	сꙑнома synoma	сꙑномъ synomŭ
accusative	сꙑнъ synŭ	сꙑна syna	сꙑнꙑ syny
instrumental	сꙑномъ synomŭ	сꙑнома synoma	сꙑнꙑ syny
locative	сꙑнѣ syně	сꙑноу synu	сꙑнѣхъ syněxŭ
vocative	сꙑне syne	сꙑна syna	сꙑни syni

Derived terms

adjectives

• сꙑньнъ (synĭnŭ)

 

References

• “сꙑнъ1”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2024
• “сꙑнъ2”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2024
• Janyšková, Ilona, editor (2010), “synъ₁”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language] (in Czech), numbers 15 (srъdьce – sь), Brno: Tribun EU, →ISBN, page 915
• Janyšková, Ilona, editor (2010), “synъ₂”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language] (in Czech), numbers 15 (srъdьce – sь), Brno: Tribun EU, →ISBN, page 916
• Václav Machek (1948) “Graeco-slavica”, in Listy filologické‎^[1], volume 72, pages 75–76

Old East Slavic

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Pronunciation

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈsɯnʊ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈsɯnʊ/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈsɯn/
• Hyphenation: сꙑ‧нъ

Noun

сꙑнъ (synŭ) m (diminutive сꙑнъкъ)

1. son
2. male descendant

Declension

Declension of сꙑнъ (u-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	сꙑнъ synŭ	сꙑнꙑ syny	сꙑнове synove
Genitive	сꙑну, сꙑна synu, syna	сꙑнову synovu	сꙑновъ synovŭ
Dative	сꙑнови, сꙑну synovi, synu	сꙑнъма synŭma	сꙑнъмъ synŭmŭ
Accusative	сꙑнъ, сꙑна synŭ, syna	сꙑнꙑ syny	сꙑнꙑ syny
Instrumental	сꙑнъмь synŭmĭ	сꙑнъма synŭma	сꙑнъми synŭmi
Locative	сꙑну synu	сꙑнову synovu	сꙑнъхъ synŭxŭ
Vocative	сꙑну synu	сꙑнꙑ syny	сꙑнове synove

Derived terms

nouns

• сꙑнишко n (syniško)
• сꙑновениѥ n (synovenije)
• сꙑновица f (synovica)
• сꙑновьство n (synovĭstvo)
• сꙑновьць m (synovĭcĭ)
• сꙑнъкъ m (synŭkŭ)

 

adverbs

• сꙑновьскꙑ (synovĭsky)

 

Descendants

• Old Ruthenian: сынъ (syn)
  • Belarusian: сын (syn)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: сын (sŷn)
  • Ukrainian: син (syn)
• Russian: сын (syn)

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic сꙑнъ (synŭ, “tower”) or borrowing from the same source.

Pronunciation

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈsɯnʊ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈsɯnʊ/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈsɯn/
• Hyphenation: сꙑ‧нъ

Noun

сꙑнъ (synŭ) m

1. tower

Declension

Declension of сꙑнъ (u-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	сꙑнъ synŭ	сꙑнꙑ syny	сꙑнове synove
Genitive	сꙑну synu	сꙑнову synovu	сꙑновъ synovŭ
Dative	сꙑнови, сꙑну synovi, synu	сꙑнъма synŭma	сꙑнъмъ synŭmŭ
Accusative	сꙑнъ synŭ	сꙑнꙑ syny	сꙑнꙑ syny
Instrumental	сꙑнъмь synŭmĭ	сꙑнъма synŭma	сꙑнъми synŭmi
Locative	сꙑну synu	сꙑнову synovu	сꙑнъхъ synŭxŭ
Vocative	сꙑнъ synŭ	сꙑнꙑ syny	сꙑнове synove

References

• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “сꙑнъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[2] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 872
• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “сꙑнъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[3] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 874

Old Novgorodian

Alternative forms

• синъ (sinŭ)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Noun

сꙑнъ (synŭ) m

1. son
   • c. 1360‒1380, Берестяная грамота № 366 [Birchbark letter no. 366]‎^[4], Novgorod:

     а на то рѧдьцѣ и послусѣ давꙑдъ лукѣнъ сꙑнъ сьтьпанъ таишѣнъ

     a na to rędĭcě i poslusě davydŭ lukěnŭ synŭ sĭtĭpanŭ taišěnŭ

     And for that, the witnesses are David, Lukin's son, and Stepan Taishin.

2. (Christianity theology) God the Son
   • c. 1380‒1400, Берестяная грамота № 42 [Birchbark letter no. 42]‎^[5], Novgorod:

     въ имѧ · ѻц҃а · и сꙑна и свѧ[т]-[го д](х҃)а

     vŭ imę · oc:a · i syna i svę[t]-[go d](x:)a

     In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.

Declension

Declension of сꙑнъ (u-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	сꙑнъ synŭ
genitive	сꙑна syna		сꙑноу synu
dative
accusative	сꙑна syna		сꙑноу synu
instrumental
locative
vocative

Declension of сꙑнъ (o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	сꙑнъ synŭ
genitive
dative
accusative
instrumental	сꙑном̑ synom̑
locative
vocative