царь
Old Church Slavonic edit
Etymology edit
Shortened from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar
Noun edit
цар҄ь • (carʹĭ) m
- emperor
- from Vita Constantini, 1800310-1800400:
- отъ селѣ нѣсмь азь ни цр҃ю слоуга ни иномоу никомоу же на земли, нъ тъкъмо б҃оу вьседрьжителю. не бѣхꙿ и бꙑхь и ѥсмь въ вѣкꙑ аминь.
- otŭ selě něsmĭ azĭ ni cr:ju sluga ni inomu nikomu že na zemli, nŭ tŭkŭmo b:u vĭsedrĭžitelju. ne běxꙿ i byxĭ i jesmĭ vŭ věky aminĭ.
- Henceforth I am neither a servant of the Emperor nor of anyone else on earth, but only of God Almighty. I was not, and I came to be, and am forever. Amen.
- from Vita Constantini, 1800310-1800400:
- tsar
Declension edit
Declension of царь (soft o-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | цар҄ь carʹĭ |
цар҄а carʹa |
цар҄и carʹi |
| genitive | цар҄а carʹa |
цар҄оу carʹu |
цар҄ь carʹĭ |
| dative | цар҄оу, цар҄еви carʹu, carʹevi |
цар҄ема carʹema |
цар҄емъ carʹemŭ |
| accusative | цар҄ь, цар҄а carʹĭ, carʹa |
цар҄а carʹa |
цар҄ѧ carʹę |
| instrumental | цар҄емь carʹemĭ |
цар҄ема carʹema |
цар҄и carʹi |
| locative | цар҄и carʹi |
цар҄оу carʹu |
цар҄ихъ carʹixŭ |
| vocative | цар҄оу carʹu |
цар҄а carʹa |
цар҄и carʹi |
Russian edit
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Etymology edit
Inherited from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from цѣсарь (cěsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
царь • (carʹ) m anim (genitive царя́, nominative plural цари́, genitive plural царе́й, feminine цари́ца, relational adjective ца́рский, diminutive царёк)
- tsar, Russian emperor
- king (figuratively, or referring to ancient or non-European monarchs)
- царь звере́й ― carʹ zveréj ― king of beasts
- царь и бог ― carʹ i box ― God Almighty
- царь небе́сный ― carʹ nebésnyj ― Heavenly Father
- царь царе́й ― carʹ caréj ― King of kings
- при царе́ Горо́хе ― pri caré Goróxe ― in the year dot; a very long time ago; since the beginning
- Он без царя́ в голове́! ― On bez carjá v golové! ― He’s stupid!
Usage notes edit
- From 1721 to 1917, Russia was officially an Empire, and its monarchs referred to as импера́тор (imperátor) (officially), госуда́рь (gosudárʹ), or самоде́ржец (samodéržec). For much of that time period, referring to the monarch (in his role as the ruler of Russia) as царь (carʹ) would have been seen as a colloquialism. The Russian monarch's official list of titles over non-Russian territories did include e.g. царь По́льский (carʹ Pólʹskij), which in English was rendered as “King of Poland”.
Declension edit
Pre-reform declension of царь (anim masc-form soft-stem accent-b)
Synonyms edit
- коро́ль (korólʹ)
Derived terms edit
- царе́вич (carévič)
- царе́вна (carévna)
- царёк (carjók)
- царепокло́нство (carepoklónstvo)
- цареуби́йство (careubíjstvo)
- цареуби́йца (careubíjca)
- цари́зм (carízm)
- цари́ть (carítʹ)
- цари́ца (caríca)
- ца́рский (cárskij)
- ца́рство (cárstvo)
- ца́рствование (cárstvovanije)
- ца́рствовать (cárstvovatʹ)
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Arabic: تْسَار (tsār)
- → Armenian: ցար (cʻar)
- → Catalan: tsar
- → Chinese: 沙皇 (shāhuáng) (phonetic 沙 (shā) + semantic 皇 (huáng, “emperor”))
- → Vietnamese: sa hoàng
- → Danish: zar
- → Dutch: tsaar
- → English: tsar, czar, tzar, csar
- → Esperanto: caro
- → Estonian: tsaar
- → Faroese: sarur
- → Finnish: tsaari
- → French: tsar, czar, tzar
- → Persian: تزار (tezâr)
- → Galician: tsar
- → German: Zar
- → Greek: τσάρος (tsáros)
- → Hungarian: cár
- → Ingrian: tsaari
- → Italian: zar
- → Japanese: ツァーリ (tsāri)
- → Khmer: ត្សារ (tsaa)
- → Korean: 차르 (chareu)
- → Latvian: cars
- → Lithuanian: caras
- → Norwegian: tsar
- → Polish: car
- → Portuguese: czar
- → Romanian: țar
- → Slovak: cár
- Samic:
- → Spanish: zar
- → Swedish: tsar
- → Thai: ซาร์ (saa)
- → Turkish: çar
- → Yiddish: צאַר (tsar)
- → Uzbek: чор (chor)