տոյժ

Old Armenian

Alternative forms

• տուրժ (turž)

Etymology

An Iranian borrowing; compare Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (twhtn', twc- /⁠tōxtan, tōz-⁠/, “to atone, expiate”), Persian توختن (tuxtan, “to pay a debt”). Doublet of տուգան (tugan).

Noun

տոյժ • (toyž)

1. sanction, penalty

Usage notes

Usually used in the plural.

Declension

i-type

	singular		plural
nominative	տոյժ (toyž)		տոյժք (toyžkʻ)
genitive	տուժի (tuži)		տուժից (tužicʻ)
dative	տուժի (tuži)		տուժից (tužicʻ)
accusative	տոյժ (toyž)		տոյժս (toyžs)
ablative	տուժէ (tužē)		տուժից (tužicʻ)
instrumental	տուժիւ (tužiw)		տուժիւք (tužiwkʻ)
locative	տուժի (tuži)		տոյժս (toyžs)

Derived terms

• անտոյժ (antoyž)
• սակաւատոյժ (sakawatoyž)
• տուժանք (tužankʻ)
• տուժապարտ (tužapart)
• տուժեմ (tužem)
• տուժիմ (tužim)
• տուժինք (tužinkʻ)
• տուժումն (tužumn)
• տուրժական (turžakan)
• տուրժեմ (turžem)

 

Descendants

• → Armenian: տույժ (tuyž)

Further reading

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “տոյժ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
• Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “տոյժ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 253
• Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 913
• Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “տոյժ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy