שלום

Hebrew

Root
שׁ־ל־ם (š-l-m)

Etymology

Etymologically related to שָׁלָה (šālâ, “to be quiet, tranquil”). Compare also שָׁלַו (šālaw, “to be quiet, at ease”). Common Northwest Semitic, Phoenician 𐤔𐤋𐤌 (šlm /⁠šalōm⁠/), Aramaic שְׁלָמָא (šlāmā) / ܫܠܡܐ (šlāmā), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎍𐎎 (šlm /⁠šalāmu⁠/). Cognate with Arabic سلام (salām).

Pronunciation

• (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃaˈlom/
• (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃɔˈloɪm/, /ˈʃɔ.loɪm/
• (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃɔˈlom/
• (Biblical Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃaloːm/

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Noun

שָׁלוֹם • (shalóm) m (no plural forms, singular construct שְׁלוֹם־)

1. (uncountable) peace
   • Tanach, Leviticus 26:6, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     וְנָתַתִּי שָׁלוֹם בָּאָרֶץ וּשְׁכַבְתֶּם וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי חַיָּה רָעָה מִן־הָאָרֶץ וְחֶרֶב לֹא־תַעֲבֹר בְּאַרְצְכֶם׃

     v'natatí shalóm ba'árets ush'khavtém v'éin makharíd v'hisbatí khayá ra'á min-ha'árets v'khérev lo-ta'avór b'arts'khém.
     wənāṯattī šālōm bāʾā́reṣ ūšəḵaḇtem wəʾēn maḥărīḏ wəhišbattī ḥayyā rāʿā min-hāʾā́reṣ wəḥéreḇ lō-ṯaʿăḇōr bəʾarṣəḵem.

     And I will give peace in the land, and ye shall lie down, and none shall make you afraid; and I will cause evil beasts to cease out of the land, neither shall the sword go through your land.

   • 1977, “נוֹלַדְתִּי לַשָּׁלוֹם (“I Was Born for Peace”)”, Uzi Hitman (music):

     אני נולדתי לשלום שרק יגיע / אני נולדתי לשלום שרק יבוא

     aní noládti lashalóm sherák yagía / aní noládti lashalóm sherák yavó

     I was born for peace, that it may finally arrive / I was born for peace, that it may finally come

2. (uncountable) rest, quietude

   שַׁבָּת שָׁלוֹם! ― shabát shalóm! ― Peaceful Sabbath!

3. (uncountable) well-being, welfare

   מַה שְּׁלוֹמְךָ? ― má sh'lom'khá? ― How are you?

   • Tanach, 2 Kings 4:26, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     עַתָּה רוּץ־נָא לִקְרָאתָהּ וֶאֱמָר־לָהּ הֲשָׁלוֹם לָךְ הֲשָׁלוֹם לְאִישֵׁךְ הֲשָׁלוֹם לַיָּלֶד וַתֹּאמֶ שָׁלוֹם׃

     'atá ruts-ná lik'ratáh ve'emor-láh ha-shalóm lákh ha-shalóm l'ishékh ha-shalóm layáled vatómer shalóm.
     ʿattā rūṣ-nā liqərāṯāh weʾĕmor-lāh hăšālōm lāḵ hăšālōm ləʾīšēḵ hăšālōm layyā́leḏ wattṓmer šālōm.

     Run, I pray thee, now to meet her, and say unto her: ‘Is it well with thee? is it well with thy husband? is it well with the child?’ And she answered: ‘It is well.’

Declension

Declension of שָׁלוֹם

Number	Isolated forms		With possessive pronouns
	State	Form	Person	singular		plural
				m.	f.	m.	f.
singular	indefinite	שָׁלוֹם	first	שְׁלוֹמִי		שְׁלוֹמֵנוּ
	definite	הַשָּׁלוֹם	second	שְׁלוֹמְךָ	שְׁלוֹמֵךְ	שְׁלוֹמְכֶם	שְׁלוֹמְכֶן
	construct	שְׁלוֹם־	third	שְׁלוֹמוֹ	שְׁלוֹמָהּ	שְׁלוֹמָם	שְׁלוֹמָן

Derived terms

• אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (avishalóm)
• חַס וְשָׁלוֹם (khas v'shalóm)

Interjection

שָׁלוֹם • (shalóm)

1. (conventional greeting) hello
2. goodbye

Derived terms

• שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם (shalóm 'alekhém)

Proper noun

שָׁלוֹם • (shalóm) m

1. A title of God.
2. a male given name, Shalom

Descendants

• → Arabic: شَالُوم (šālōm)
• → Armenian: շալոմ (šalom)
• → Belarusian: шало́м (šalóm)
• → Bulgarian: шало́м (šalóm)
• → Chinese: 沙龍／沙龙 (shālóng)
• → Czech: šalóm
• → Dutch: sjalom
• → English: shalom
• → Finnish: šalom
• → French: chalôm
• → Georgian: შალომი (šalomi)
• → German: Schalom
• → Greek: σαλόμ (salóm)
• → Hindi: शालोम (śālom)
• → Hungarian: salom
• → Japanese: シャーローム (shārōmu)
• → Judeo-Tat: шолум (şolum)
• → Korean: 샬롬 (syallom)
• → Ladino: shalom
• → Lithuanian: šalom
• → Macedonian: шало́м (šalóm)
• → Persian: شالوم (šâlom)
• → Polish: szalom
• → Portuguese: shalom
• → Russian: шало́м (šalóm)
• → Serbo-Croatian: шалом (shalom)
• → Slovak: šalóm
• → Slovene: šalom
• → Spanish: shalom
• → Turkish: şalom
• → Ukrainian: шало́м (šalóm)
• → Yiddish: שלום (sholem)

References

• H7965 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Yiddish

Etymology

From Hebrew שָׁלוֹם (shalóm, “peace”).

Pronunciation

• (YIVO, Litvish) IPA^(key): /ˈʃɔ.ɫəm/
• (Poylish) IPA^(key): /ˈʃuː.ɫəm/
• (Ukraynish) IPA^(key): /ˈʃu.ɫəm/

Noun

שלום • (sholem) m

1. peace
2. A greeting

Derived terms

• שלומדיק (sholemdik, “peaceful”)

Related terms

• שלום עליכם (sholem aleykhem)

Proper noun

שלום • (sholem) m

1. a male given name, Shalom

See also

• שלמה (shloyme)