أمن

See also: امن and آمن

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ء م ن (ʔ-m-n)

Verb

أَمُنَ • (ʔamuna) I, non-past يَأْمُنُ‎ (yaʔmunu)

1. to be faithful, to be reliable

Conjugation

Conjugation of

أَمُنَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun أَمَانَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						أَمَانَة ʔamāna
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						آمِن ʔāmin
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أَمُنْتُ ʔamuntu	أَمُنْتَ ʔamunta	أَمُنَ ʔamuna		أَمُنْتُمَا ʔamuntumā	أَمُنَا ʔamunā		أَمُنَّا ʔamunnā	أَمُنْتُمْ ʔamuntum	أَمُنُوا ʔamunū
	f		أَمُنْتِ ʔamunti	أَمُنَتْ ʔamunat			أَمُنَتَا ʔamunatā			أَمُنْتُنَّ ʔamuntunna	أَمُنَّ ʔamunna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	آمُنُ ʔāmunu	تَأْمُنُ taʔmunu	يَأْمُنُ yaʔmunu		تَأْمُنَانِ taʔmunāni	يَأْمُنَانِ yaʔmunāni		نَأْمُنُ naʔmunu	تَأْمُنُونَ taʔmunūna	يَأْمُنُونَ yaʔmunūna
	f		تَأْمُنِينَ taʔmunīna	تَأْمُنُ taʔmunu			تَأْمُنَانِ taʔmunāni			تَأْمُنَّ taʔmunna	يَأْمُنَّ yaʔmunna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	آمُنَ ʔāmuna	تَأْمُنَ taʔmuna	يَأْمُنَ yaʔmuna		تَأْمُنَا taʔmunā	يَأْمُنَا yaʔmunā		نَأْمُنَ naʔmuna	تَأْمُنُوا taʔmunū	يَأْمُنُوا yaʔmunū
	f		تَأْمُنِي taʔmunī	تَأْمُنَ taʔmuna			تَأْمُنَا taʔmunā			تَأْمُنَّ taʔmunna	يَأْمُنَّ yaʔmunna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	آمُنْ ʔāmun	تَأْمُنْ taʔmun	يَأْمُنْ yaʔmun		تَأْمُنَا taʔmunā	يَأْمُنَا yaʔmunā		نَأْمُنْ naʔmun	تَأْمُنُوا taʔmunū	يَأْمُنُوا yaʔmunū
	f		تَأْمُنِي taʔmunī	تَأْمُنْ taʔmun			تَأْمُنَا taʔmunā			تَأْمُنَّ taʔmunna	يَأْمُنَّ yaʔmunna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُومُنْ ūmun			اُومُنَا ūmunā				اُومُنُوا ūmunū
	f		اُومُنِي ūmunī							اُومُنَّ ūmunna

Verb

أَمِنَ • (ʔamina) I, non-past يَأْمَنُ‎ (yaʔmanu)

1. to be safe from
2. to feel secure, to feel safe from
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 7:97:

     أَفَأَمِنَ أَهْلُ الْقُرَى أَن يَأْتِيَهُم بَأْسُنَا بَيَاتًا وَهُمْ نَائِمُونَ

     ʔafaʔamina ʔahlu l-qurā ʔan yaʔtiyahum baʔsunā bayātan wahum nāʔimūna

     Did the people of those societies feel secure that Our punishment would not come upon them by night while they were asleep?

3. to trust (ه someone) or to find (ه someone) reliable/trustworthy (على-ه about-someone/something)
4. To have peace in mind
5. to entrust
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 12:64:

     قَالَ هَلْ ءَامَنُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا كَمَآ أَمِنتُكُمْ عَلَىٰٓ أَخِيهِ مِن قَبْلُ ۖ فَٱللَّهُ خَيْرٌ حَـٰفِظًۭا ۖ وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ ٱلرَّٰحِمِينَ

     He said, "Should I entrust you with him except [under coercion] as I entrusted you with his brother before? But Allāh is the best guardian, and He is the most merciful of the merciful."

Conjugation

Conjugation of

أَمِنَ

(form-I sound, verbal nouns أَمْن or أَمَان)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						أَمْن or أَمَان ʔamn or ʔamān
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						آمِن ʔāmin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَأْمُون maʔmūn
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أَمِنْتُ ʔamintu	أَمِنْتَ ʔaminta	أَمِنَ ʔamina		أَمِنْتُمَا ʔamintumā	أَمِنَا ʔaminā		أَمِنَّا ʔaminnā	أَمِنْتُمْ ʔamintum	أَمِنُوا ʔaminū
	f		أَمِنْتِ ʔaminti	أَمِنَتْ ʔaminat			أَمِنَتَا ʔaminatā			أَمِنْتُنَّ ʔamintunna	أَمِنَّ ʔaminna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	آمَنُ ʔāmanu	تَأْمَنُ taʔmanu	يَأْمَنُ yaʔmanu		تَأْمَنَانِ taʔmanāni	يَأْمَنَانِ yaʔmanāni		نَأْمَنُ naʔmanu	تَأْمَنُونَ taʔmanūna	يَأْمَنُونَ yaʔmanūna
	f		تَأْمَنِينَ taʔmanīna	تَأْمَنُ taʔmanu			تَأْمَنَانِ taʔmanāni			تَأْمَنَّ taʔmanna	يَأْمَنَّ yaʔmanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	آمَنَ ʔāmana	تَأْمَنَ taʔmana	يَأْمَنَ yaʔmana		تَأْمَنَا taʔmanā	يَأْمَنَا yaʔmanā		نَأْمَنَ naʔmana	تَأْمَنُوا taʔmanū	يَأْمَنُوا yaʔmanū
	f		تَأْمَنِي taʔmanī	تَأْمَنَ taʔmana			تَأْمَنَا taʔmanā			تَأْمَنَّ taʔmanna	يَأْمَنَّ yaʔmanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	آمَنْ ʔāman	تَأْمَنْ taʔman	يَأْمَنْ yaʔman		تَأْمَنَا taʔmanā	يَأْمَنَا yaʔmanā		نَأْمَنْ naʔman	تَأْمَنُوا taʔmanū	يَأْمَنُوا yaʔmanū
	f		تَأْمَنِي taʔmanī	تَأْمَنْ taʔman			تَأْمَنَا taʔmanā			تَأْمَنَّ taʔmanna	يَأْمَنَّ yaʔmanna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِيمَنْ īman			اِيمَنَا īmanā				اِيمَنُوا īmanū
	f		اِيمَنِي īmanī							اِيمَنَّ īmanna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أُمِنْتُ ʔumintu	أُمِنْتَ ʔuminta	أُمِنَ ʔumina		أُمِنْتُمَا ʔumintumā	أُمِنَا ʔuminā		أُمِنَّا ʔuminnā	أُمِنْتُمْ ʔumintum	أُمِنُوا ʔuminū
	f		أُمِنْتِ ʔuminti	أُمِنَتْ ʔuminat			أُمِنَتَا ʔuminatā			أُمِنْتُنَّ ʔumintunna	أُمِنَّ ʔuminna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُومَنُ ʔūmanu	تُؤْمَنُ tuʔmanu	يُؤْمَنُ yuʔmanu		تُؤْمَنَانِ tuʔmanāni	يُؤْمَنَانِ yuʔmanāni		نُؤْمَنُ nuʔmanu	تُؤْمَنُونَ tuʔmanūna	يُؤْمَنُونَ yuʔmanūna
	f		تُؤْمَنِينَ tuʔmanīna	تُؤْمَنُ tuʔmanu			تُؤْمَنَانِ tuʔmanāni			تُؤْمَنَّ tuʔmanna	يُؤْمَنَّ yuʔmanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُومَنَ ʔūmana	تُؤْمَنَ tuʔmana	يُؤْمَنَ yuʔmana		تُؤْمَنَا tuʔmanā	يُؤْمَنَا yuʔmanā		نُؤْمَنَ nuʔmana	تُؤْمَنُوا tuʔmanū	يُؤْمَنُوا yuʔmanū
	f		تُؤْمَنِي tuʔmanī	تُؤْمَنَ tuʔmana			تُؤْمَنَا tuʔmanā			تُؤْمَنَّ tuʔmanna	يُؤْمَنَّ yuʔmanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُومَنْ ʔūman	تُؤْمَنْ tuʔman	يُؤْمَنْ yuʔman		تُؤْمَنَا tuʔmanā	يُؤْمَنَا yuʔmanā		نُؤْمَنْ nuʔman	تُؤْمَنُوا tuʔmanū	يُؤْمَنُوا yuʔmanū
	f		تُؤْمَنِي tuʔmanī	تُؤْمَنْ tuʔman			تُؤْمَنَا tuʔmanā			تُؤْمَنَّ tuʔmanna	يُؤْمَنَّ yuʔmanna

Derived terms

• مَنْ أَمِنَ الْعُقُوبَةَ أَسَاءَ الْأَدَبَ (man ʔamina l-ʕuqūbata ʔasāʔa l-ʔadaba, proverb)

Verb

أَمَّنَ • (ʔammana) II, non-past يُؤَمِّنُ‎ (yuʔamminu)

1. to reassure
2. to ensure
3. to secure
4. to provide
5. to insure
6. to entrust
7. to say "آمِين" (ʔāmīn, “amen”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of

أَمَّنَ

(form-II sound)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَأْمِين taʔmīn
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُؤَمِّن muʔammin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُؤَمَّن muʔamman
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أَمَّنْتُ ʔammantu	أَمَّنْتَ ʔammanta	أَمَّنَ ʔammana		أَمَّنْتُمَا ʔammantumā	أَمَّنَا ʔammanā		أَمَّنَّا ʔammannā	أَمَّنْتُمْ ʔammantum	أَمَّنُوا ʔammanū
	f		أَمَّنْتِ ʔammanti	أَمَّنَتْ ʔammanat			أَمَّنَتَا ʔammanatā			أَمَّنْتُنَّ ʔammantunna	أَمَّنَّ ʔammanna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُؤَمِّنُ ʔuʔamminu	تُؤَمِّنُ tuʔamminu	يُؤَمِّنُ yuʔamminu		تُؤَمِّنَانِ tuʔammināni	يُؤَمِّنَانِ yuʔammināni		نُؤَمِّنُ nuʔamminu	تُؤَمِّنُونَ tuʔamminūna	يُؤَمِّنُونَ yuʔamminūna
	f		تُؤَمِّنِينَ tuʔamminīna	تُؤَمِّنُ tuʔamminu			تُؤَمِّنَانِ tuʔammināni			تُؤَمِّنَّ tuʔamminna	يُؤَمِّنَّ yuʔamminna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُؤَمِّنَ ʔuʔammina	تُؤَمِّنَ tuʔammina	يُؤَمِّنَ yuʔammina		تُؤَمِّنَا tuʔamminā	يُؤَمِّنَا yuʔamminā		نُؤَمِّنَ nuʔammina	تُؤَمِّنُوا tuʔamminū	يُؤَمِّنُوا yuʔamminū
	f		تُؤَمِّنِي tuʔamminī	تُؤَمِّنَ tuʔammina			تُؤَمِّنَا tuʔamminā			تُؤَمِّنَّ tuʔamminna	يُؤَمِّنَّ yuʔamminna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُؤَمِّنْ ʔuʔammin	تُؤَمِّنْ tuʔammin	يُؤَمِّنْ yuʔammin		تُؤَمِّنَا tuʔamminā	يُؤَمِّنَا yuʔamminā		نُؤَمِّنْ nuʔammin	تُؤَمِّنُوا tuʔamminū	يُؤَمِّنُوا yuʔamminū
	f		تُؤَمِّنِي tuʔamminī	تُؤَمِّنْ tuʔammin			تُؤَمِّنَا tuʔamminā			تُؤَمِّنَّ tuʔamminna	يُؤَمِّنَّ yuʔamminna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		أَمِّنْ ʔammin			أَمِّنَا ʔamminā				أَمِّنُوا ʔamminū
	f		أَمِّنِي ʔamminī							أَمِّنَّ ʔamminna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أُمِّنْتُ ʔummintu	أُمِّنْتَ ʔumminta	أُمِّنَ ʔummina		أُمِّنْتُمَا ʔummintumā	أُمِّنَا ʔumminā		أُمِّنَّا ʔumminnā	أُمِّنْتُمْ ʔummintum	أُمِّنُوا ʔumminū
	f		أُمِّنْتِ ʔumminti	أُمِّنَتْ ʔumminat			أُمِّنَتَا ʔumminatā			أُمِّنْتُنَّ ʔummintunna	أُمِّنَّ ʔumminna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُؤَمَّنُ ʔuʔammanu	تُؤَمَّنُ tuʔammanu	يُؤَمَّنُ yuʔammanu		تُؤَمَّنَانِ tuʔammanāni	يُؤَمَّنَانِ yuʔammanāni		نُؤَمَّنُ nuʔammanu	تُؤَمَّنُونَ tuʔammanūna	يُؤَمَّنُونَ yuʔammanūna
	f		تُؤَمَّنِينَ tuʔammanīna	تُؤَمَّنُ tuʔammanu			تُؤَمَّنَانِ tuʔammanāni			تُؤَمَّنَّ tuʔammanna	يُؤَمَّنَّ yuʔammanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُؤَمَّنَ ʔuʔammana	تُؤَمَّنَ tuʔammana	يُؤَمَّنَ yuʔammana		تُؤَمَّنَا tuʔammanā	يُؤَمَّنَا yuʔammanā		نُؤَمَّنَ nuʔammana	تُؤَمَّنُوا tuʔammanū	يُؤَمَّنُوا yuʔammanū
	f		تُؤَمَّنِي tuʔammanī	تُؤَمَّنَ tuʔammana			تُؤَمَّنَا tuʔammanā			تُؤَمَّنَّ tuʔammanna	يُؤَمَّنَّ yuʔammanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُؤَمَّنْ ʔuʔamman	تُؤَمَّنْ tuʔamman	يُؤَمَّنْ yuʔamman		تُؤَمَّنَا tuʔammanā	يُؤَمَّنَا yuʔammanā		نُؤَمَّنْ nuʔamman	تُؤَمَّنُوا tuʔammanū	يُؤَمَّنُوا yuʔammanū
	f		تُؤَمَّنِي tuʔammanī	تُؤَمَّنْ tuʔamman			تُؤَمَّنَا tuʔammanā			تُؤَمَّنَّ tuʔammanna	يُؤَمَّنَّ yuʔammanna

Noun

أَمْن • (ʔamn) m

1. verbal noun of أَمِنَ (ʔamina) (form I)
2. safety, security
3. peace
4. protection

Declension

Declension of noun أَمْن (ʔamn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَمْن ʔamn	الْأَمْن al-ʔamn	أَمْن ʔamn
Nominative	أَمْنٌ ʔamnun	الْأَمْنُ al-ʔamnu	أَمْنُ ʔamnu
Accusative	أَمْنًا ʔamnan	الْأَمْنَ al-ʔamna	أَمْنَ ʔamna
Genitive	أَمْنٍ ʔamnin	الْأَمْنِ al-ʔamni	أَمْنِ ʔamni

Adjective

أَمِن • (ʔamin)

1. safe, protected
   • 2017 December 28, “التايمز تكشف عن مخبأ الآلاف من إرهابيي داعش الأجانب”, in The Baghdad Post‎^[1]:

     التقرير أكد، بان لقاءات مع قادة محليين سوريين، أكراد وعراقيين، أوضحت، بان هؤلاء الأجانب، لجئوا الى الصحراء في محاولة للهرب من القتل او الاعتقال الذي قد يطالهم على المناطق الحدودية، حيث وجدوا في عمق الصحاري ملاجئ امنة مؤقتة لهم، فيما يحاولون يائسين الوصول الى الحدود التركية، ومنها العودة إلى بلدانهم.

     The report affirmed that meetings with local Syrian leaders, Kurds, and Iraqis showed that these foreigners took shelter in the desert in the attempt to escape their being killed or arrested that reached out to them in the border zones where they encountered in the desert depths temporary safe shelters for them while they desperately sought the link to the Turkish borders, and with it the return to their homelands.

Declension

Declension of adjective أَمِن (ʔamin)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	أَمِن ʔamin	الْأَمِن al-ʔamin	أَمِنَة ʔamina	الْأَمِنَة al-ʔamina
Nominative	أَمِنٌ ʔaminun	الْأَمِنُ al-ʔaminu	أَمِنَةٌ ʔaminatun	الْأَمِنَةُ al-ʔaminatu
Accusative	أَمِنًا ʔaminan	الْأَمِنَ al-ʔamina	أَمِنَةً ʔaminatan	الْأَمِنَةَ al-ʔaminata
Genitive	أَمِنٍ ʔaminin	الْأَمِنِ al-ʔamini	أَمِنَةٍ ʔaminatin	الْأَمِنَةِ al-ʔaminati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	أَمِنَيْن ʔaminayn	الْأَمِنَيْن al-ʔaminayn	أَمِنَتَيْن ʔaminatayn	الْأَمِنَتَيْن al-ʔaminatayn
Nominative	أَمِنَانِ ʔamināni	الْأَمِنَانِ al-ʔamināni	أَمِنَتَانِ ʔaminatāni	الْأَمِنَتَانِ al-ʔaminatāni
Accusative	أَمِنَيْنِ ʔaminayni	الْأَمِنَيْنِ al-ʔaminayni	أَمِنَتَيْنِ ʔaminatayni	الْأَمِنَتَيْنِ al-ʔaminatayni
Genitive	أَمِنَيْنِ ʔaminayni	الْأَمِنَيْنِ al-ʔaminayni	أَمِنَتَيْنِ ʔaminatayni	الْأَمِنَتَيْنِ al-ʔaminatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	—		—
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	—	—	—	—
Nominative	—	—	—	—
Accusative	—	—	—	—
Genitive	—	—	—	—

References

• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “أمن”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[2] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 56–57
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “أمن”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

أَمُنُّ • (ʔamunnu) (form I)

1. first-person singular non-past active indicative of مَنَّ (manna)

Verb

أَمُنَّ • (ʔamunna) (form I)

1. first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of مَنَّ (manna)
2. first-person singular non-past active jussive of مَنَّ (manna)

Verb

أَمُنِّ • (ʔamunni) (form I)

1. first-person singular non-past active jussive of مَنَّ (manna)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ء م ن
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic أَمَّنَ (ʔammana).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔam.man/, [ˈʔam.man]

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

Verb

أمّن • (ʔamman) II (present بأمّن (biʔammen), passive participle مأمّن (mʔamman))

1. to insure, to secure, to safeguard

   سيّارتك مأمّنة؟

   sayyārtak mʔammane?

   Is your car insured?

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Conjugation

Conjugation of أمّن (ʔamman)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	أمّنت (ʔammant)	أمّنت (ʔammant)	أمّن (ʔamman)		أمّننا (ʔammanna)	أمّنتو (ʔammantu)	أمّنو (ʔammanu)
	f		أمّنتي (ʔammanti)	أمّنت (ʔammanat)
present	m	بأمّن (baʔammen)	بتأمّن (bitʔammen)	بأمّن (biʔammen)		منأمّن (minʔammen)	بتأمّنو (bitʔammnu)	بأمّنو (biʔammnu)
	f		بتأمّني (bitʔammni)	بتأمّن (bitʔammen)
subjunctive	m	اأمّن (aʔammen)	تأمّن (tʔammen)	يأمّن (yʔammen)		نأمّن (nʔammen)	تأمّنو (tʔammnu)	يأمّنو (yʔammnu)
	f		تأمّني (tʔammni)	تأمّن (tʔammen)
imperative	m		أمّن (ʔammen)				أمّنو (ʔammnu)
	f		أمّني (ʔammni)