اختلاف

Arabic

Root
خ ل ف (ḵ-l-f)

Etymology

Verbal noun of اِخْتَلَفَ (iḵtalafa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ix.ti.laːf/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

اِخْتِلَاف • (iḵtilāf) m

1. verbal noun of اِخْتَلَفَ (iḵtalafa) (form VIII)
2. disagreement
3. difference
4. variant
5. discrepancy
6. discord
7. resistance
8. contradiction

Declension

Declension of noun اِخْتِلَاف (iḵtilāf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	اِخْتِلَاف iḵtilāf	الِاخْتِلَاف al-iḵtilāf	اِخْتِلَاف iḵtilāf
Nominative	اِخْتِلَافٌ iḵtilāfun	الِاخْتِلَافُ al-iḵtilāfu	اِخْتِلَافُ iḵtilāfu
Accusative	اِخْتِلَافًا iḵtilāfan	الِاخْتِلَافَ al-iḵtilāfa	اِخْتِلَافَ iḵtilāfa
Genitive	اِخْتِلَافٍ iḵtilāfin	الِاخْتِلَافِ al-iḵtilāfi	اِخْتِلَافِ iḵtilāfi

Antonyms

• إِجْمَاع (ʔijmāʕ)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: ixtilaf
• → Bengali: ইখতিলাফ (ikhtilaf)
• → Kazakh: ихтиляф (ixtiläf)
• → Ottoman Turkish: اختلاف
  • Turkish: ihtilaf
• → Persian: اختلاف (extelâf)
• → Swahili: hitilafu
• → Urdu: اختلاف (iḵtelāf)

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “اختلاف”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِخْتِلَاف (iḵtilāf).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔix.ti.ˈlɑːf]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪx.t̪ʰɪ.lɑ́ːf]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪx.t̪ʰɪ.lɑ́ːf]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪx.t̪ʰɪ.lɑ́ːf]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔix.t̪ʰi.lɔ́ːf]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔex.t̪ʰe.lɒ́ːf]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔiχ.t̪ʰi.lɔ́f]

Readings
Classical reading?	ixtilāf
Dari reading?	ixtilāf
Iranian reading?	extelâf
Tajik reading?	ixtilof

Noun

Dari	اختلاف
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ихтилоф

اختلاف • (extelâf) (plural اختلافات (extelâfât))

1. difference

   Synonyms: تفاوت (tafâvot), فرق (farq)

   Antonym: شباهت (šabâhat)

   اختلاف طبقاتی ― extelâf-e tabaqâti ― difference in social class

2. discord, disagreement

   چین و آمریکا اختلاف دارند. ― čin o âmrikâ extelâf dârand. ― China and America have disputes.

Usage notes

• Compared to تفاوت (tafâvot) or فرق (farq), there is often a sense of opposition in addition to simply "difference".

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِخْتِلاف (ixtilāf), from Arabic اِخْتِلَاف (iḵtilāf).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɪx.t̪ɪ.lɑːf/

Noun

اِخْتِلاف • (ixtilāf) m (Hindi spelling इख़्तिलाफ़)

1. discord, clash, difference, disagreement, misunderstanding, quarrel, schism, variance, variation, disparity, diversity
2. dissent