برج
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
بُرْج • (burj) m (dual بُرْجَان (burjān), plural بُرُوج (burūj) or أَبْرَاج (ʔabrāj))
- castle
- citadel
- tower
- بُرْج خَلِيفَة ― burj ḵalīfa ― Burj Khalifa (literally, “Khalifa Tower”)
- constellation
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 25:61:
- تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِي السَّمَاءِ بُرُوجًا وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَاجًا وَقَمَرًا مُنِيرًا
- tabāraka allaḏī jaʕala fī s-samāʔi burūjan wajaʕala fīhā sirājan waqamaran munīran
- Blessed is He who has placed in the sky great stars and placed therein a [burning] lamp and luminous moon.
- spire
- asterism
- zodiac
- sign of the zodiac
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُرْج burj |
الْبُرْج al-burj |
بُرْج burj |
Nominative | بُرْجٌ burjun |
الْبُرْجُ al-burju |
بُرْجُ burju |
Accusative | بُرْجًا burjan |
الْبُرْجَ al-burja |
بُرْجَ burja |
Genitive | بُرْجٍ burjin |
الْبُرْجِ al-burji |
بُرْجِ burji |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | بُرْجَيْن burjayn |
الْبُرْجَيْن al-burjayn |
بُرْجَيْ burjay |
Nominative | بُرْجَانِ burjāni |
الْبُرْجَانِ al-burjāni |
بُرْجَا burjā |
Accusative | بُرْجَيْنِ burjayni |
الْبُرْجَيْنِ al-burjayni |
بُرْجَيْ burjay |
Genitive | بُرْجَيْنِ burjayni |
الْبُرْجَيْنِ al-burjayni |
بُرْجَيْ burjay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُرُوج; أَبْرَاج burūj; ʔabrāj |
الْبُرُوج; الْأَبْرَاج al-burūj; al-ʔabrāj |
بُرُوج; أَبْرَاج burūj; ʔabrāj |
Nominative | بُرُوجٌ; أَبْرَاجٌ burūjun; ʔabrājun |
الْبُرُوجُ; الْأَبْرَاجُ al-burūju; al-ʔabrāju |
بُرُوجُ; أَبْرَاجُ burūju; ʔabrāju |
Accusative | بُرُوجًا; أَبْرَاجًا burūjan; ʔabrājan |
الْبُرُوجَ; الْأَبْرَاجَ al-burūja; al-ʔabrāja |
بُرُوجَ; أَبْرَاجَ burūja; ʔabrāja |
Genitive | بُرُوجٍ; أَبْرَاجٍ burūjin; ʔabrājin |
الْبُرُوجِ; الْأَبْرَاجِ al-burūji; al-ʔabrāji |
بُرُوجِ; أَبْرَاجِ burūji; ʔabrāji |
Synonyms edit
Descendants edit
- Azerbaijani: бүрҹ / bürc / بۆرج
- → Bengali: বুরুজ (buruj)
- Georgian: ბურჯი (burǯi)
- Gujarati: બુરજ (buraj)
- Hindi: बुर्ज (burj)
- Northern Kurdish: birc, برج (birc)
- Malay: buruj
- Maltese: borġ
- Middle Armenian: պուրճ (purč), պուրջ (purǰ), բուրջ (burǰ)
- Ottoman Turkish: برج (burc)
- Persian: برج (borj)
- Punjabi: ਬੁਰਜ (buraj) / برج (burj)
- Rajasthani: बुरज (burj)
- Tajik: бурҷ (burj)
- Urdu: برج (burj)
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
بَرِجَ • (barija) I, non-past يَبْرَجُ (yabraju)
- to be or become apparent, manifest or conspicuous, and high or elevated
- to have large, beautiful eyes where the white entirely surrounds the black
- (of one's condition) to become ample in respect of eating and drinking
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
بَرَج baraj | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
bārij | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | barijtu |
barijta |
بَرِجَ barija |
barijtumā |
barijā |
barijnā |
barijtum |
barijū | |||
f | barijti |
barijat |
barijatā |
barijtunna |
barijna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔabraju |
tabraju |
yabraju |
tabrajāni |
yabrajāni |
nabraju |
tabrajūna |
yabrajūna | |||
f | tabrajīna |
tabraju |
tabrajāni |
tabrajna |
yabrajna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔabraja |
tabraja |
yabraja |
tabrajā |
yabrajā |
nabraja |
tabrajū |
yabrajū | |||
f | tabrajī |
tabraja |
tabrajā |
tabrajna |
yabrajna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔabraj |
tabraj |
yabraj |
tabrajā |
yabrajā |
nabraj |
tabrajū |
yabrajū | |||
f | tabrajī |
tabraj |
tabrajā |
tabrajna |
yabrajna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ibraj |
ibrajā |
ibrajū |
||||||||
f | ibrajī |
ibrajna |
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
بَرَج • (baraj) m
- verbal noun of بَرِجَ (barija) (form I)
Declension edit
References edit
- Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “برج”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
- Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 118
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “برج”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 64b
- Freytag, Georg (1830) “برج”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 103
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “برج”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 105–106
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “برج”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[4], London: Williams & Norgate, page 180
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “برج”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 63
Azerbaijani edit
Noun edit
برج (bürc)
- Alternative spelling of بۆرج
Central Kurdish edit
Alternative forms edit
- بورج (burc)
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.
Noun edit
بِرج (birc)
Ottoman Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).
Noun edit
برج • (burc) (plural بروج or ابراج)
- tower of a castle, bastion
- Synonym: قله (kulle)
- (astronomy) constellation of the zodiac
- (astrology) zodiac sign
Descendants edit
- Turkish: burç
Further reading edit
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “burç”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 700
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “برج”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[5], Constantinople: Mihran, page 260
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Moenia”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[6], Vienna, column 1066
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “برج”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[7], Vienna, column 755
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “burç”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “برج”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[8], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 353
Pashto edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
برج • (braj) m (plural برجونه (brajuna))
Declension edit
Persian edit
Etymology edit
Arabicized form of Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), possibly from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [buɾd͡ʒ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [boɹd͡ʒ̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [buɾd͡ʒ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | burj |
Dari reading? | burj |
Iranian reading? | borj |
Tajik reading? | burj |
Noun edit
برج • (borj) (plural برجها (borj-hâ) or بروج)
Dari | برج |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | бурҷ |
- steeple
- tower
- برج آزادی
- borj-e âzâdi
- Azadi Tower
- pylon
- column
- peel, keep
- fort, castle
- pinnacle
- dovecote
- star
- constellation
- zodiac
- sign of the zodiac
Derived terms edit
- برجی (borji)
Descendants edit
- → Hindi: बुर्ज (burj)
Punjabi edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”).
Noun edit
South Levantine Arabic edit
Root |
---|
ب ر ج |
1 term |
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
برج • (burj) m (plural أبراج (ʔabrāj))
See also edit
Signs of the Zodiac · الأبراج (il-ʔabrāj) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
الحمل (il-ḥamal, “Aries”) | التور (it-tōr, “Taurus”) | الجوزاء (il-jōzāʔ, “Gemini”) | السرطان (is-saraṭān, “Cancer”) | ||||||||
الأسد (il-ʔasad, “Leo”) | العذراء (il-ʕazrāʔ, “Virgo”) | الميزان (il-mīzān, “Libra”) | العقرب (il-ʕaqrab, “Scorpio”) | ||||||||
القوس (il-ʔōs, “Sagittarius”) | الجدي (il-jidi, “Capricorn”) | الدلو (id-dalu, “Aquarius”) | الحوت (il-ḥūt, “Pisces”) |
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic بُرْج (burj), from Classical Syriac ܒܘܪܓܐ (burgāʾ), possibly from Middle Persian [script needed] (burg), or from Ancient Greek πύργος (púrgos), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”), with cognates including Persian برز (borz), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhát, “lofty, high, tall”), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr, “high”) and Old English burg.
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /bʊɾd͡ʒ/
- Rhymes: -ʊɾd͡ʒ