ترف

See also: برف and برق

Arabic

Etymology 1

Probably from Aramaic תרף / ܬܪܦ (trap̄). Its meanings “to sink in, to disappear; to be or become soft, to become digested or dissolved; to perish, to become ruined” are apparently from a basic meaning “to remain behind” as evidenced by South Semitic languages, widely used in Ethiopian Semitic, Ge'ez ተርፈ (tärfä), ተረፈ (täräfä) as ”to be left behind” and then from “to be left over” “to be excessive, to be superfluous”, Sabaean 𐩩𐩧𐩰 (trf, “to be left over, to remain, to be residual”), and in the other direction Soqotri terof (“to be in good health”). Surely an ancient agglutination of feminine or reflexive prefix to a stem equivalent to that of رَفَّ (raffa, “to flutter; to flare”), thence also causative رَفَأَ (rafaʔa, “to patch, to apply something on top to fix; to leave (the ship) behind, to dock”).

Verb

تَرِفَ • (tarifa) I, non-past يَتْرَفُ‎ (yatrafu)

1. to live in luxury

Conjugation

Conjugation of

تَرِفَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun تَرَف)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَرَف taraf
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						تَارِف tārif
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَرِفْتُ tariftu	تَرِفْتَ tarifta	تَرِفَ tarifa		تَرِفْتُمَا tariftumā	تَرِفَا tarifā		تَرِفْنَا tarifnā	تَرِفْتُمْ tariftum	تَرِفُوا tarifū
	f		تَرِفْتِ tarifti	تَرِفَتْ tarifat			تَرِفَتَا tarifatā			تَرِفْتُنَّ tariftunna	تَرِفْنَ tarifna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَتْرَفُ ʔatrafu	تَتْرَفُ tatrafu	يَتْرَفُ yatrafu		تَتْرَفَانِ tatrafāni	يَتْرَفَانِ yatrafāni		نَتْرَفُ natrafu	تَتْرَفُونَ tatrafūna	يَتْرَفُونَ yatrafūna
	f		تَتْرَفِينَ tatrafīna	تَتْرَفُ tatrafu			تَتْرَفَانِ tatrafāni			تَتْرَفْنَ tatrafna	يَتْرَفْنَ yatrafna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَتْرَفَ ʔatrafa	تَتْرَفَ tatrafa	يَتْرَفَ yatrafa		تَتْرَفَا tatrafā	يَتْرَفَا yatrafā		نَتْرَفَ natrafa	تَتْرَفُوا tatrafū	يَتْرَفُوا yatrafū
	f		تَتْرَفِي tatrafī	تَتْرَفَ tatrafa			تَتْرَفَا tatrafā			تَتْرَفْنَ tatrafna	يَتْرَفْنَ yatrafna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَتْرَفْ ʔatraf	تَتْرَفْ tatraf	يَتْرَفْ yatraf		تَتْرَفَا tatrafā	يَتْرَفَا yatrafā		نَتْرَفْ natraf	تَتْرَفُوا tatrafū	يَتْرَفُوا yatrafū
	f		تَتْرَفِي tatrafī	تَتْرَفْ tatraf			تَتْرَفَا tatrafā			تَتْرَفْنَ tatrafna	يَتْرَفْنَ yatrafna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِتْرَفْ itraf			اِتْرَفَا itrafā				اِتْرَفُوا itrafū
	f		اِتْرَفِي itrafī							اِتْرَفْنَ itrafna

Noun

تَرَف • (taraf) m

1. verbal noun of تَرِفَ (tarifa) (form I)
2. luxury, opulence, affluence
3. effemination

Declension

Declension of noun تَرَف (taraf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَرَف taraf	التَّرَف at-taraf	تَرَف taraf
Nominative	تَرَفٌ tarafun	التَّرَفُ at-tarafu	تَرَفُ tarafu
Accusative	تَرَفًا tarafan	التَّرَفَ at-tarafa	تَرَفَ tarafa
Genitive	تَرَفٍ tarafin	التَّرَفِ at-tarafi	تَرَفِ tarafi

Alternative forms

• تُرْفَة (turfa), تَرَافَة (tarāfa)

Verb

تَرَّفَ • (tarrafa) II, non-past يُتَرِّفُ‎ (yutarrifu) (obsolete)

1. to spoil, to render effeminate

Conjugation

Conjugation of

تَرَّفَ

(form-II sound)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَتْرِيف tatrīf
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُتَرِّف mutarrif
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُتَرَّف mutarraf
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَرَّفْتُ tarraftu	تَرَّفْتَ tarrafta	تَرَّفَ tarrafa		تَرَّفْتُمَا tarraftumā	تَرَّفَا tarrafā		تَرَّفْنَا tarrafnā	تَرَّفْتُمْ tarraftum	تَرَّفُوا tarrafū
	f		تَرَّفْتِ tarrafti	تَرَّفَتْ tarrafat			تَرَّفَتَا tarrafatā			تَرَّفْتُنَّ tarraftunna	تَرَّفْنَ tarrafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُتَرِّفُ ʔutarrifu	تُتَرِّفُ tutarrifu	يُتَرِّفُ yutarrifu		تُتَرِّفَانِ tutarrifāni	يُتَرِّفَانِ yutarrifāni		نُتَرِّفُ nutarrifu	تُتَرِّفُونَ tutarrifūna	يُتَرِّفُونَ yutarrifūna
	f		تُتَرِّفِينَ tutarrifīna	تُتَرِّفُ tutarrifu			تُتَرِّفَانِ tutarrifāni			تُتَرِّفْنَ tutarrifna	يُتَرِّفْنَ yutarrifna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُتَرِّفَ ʔutarrifa	تُتَرِّفَ tutarrifa	يُتَرِّفَ yutarrifa		تُتَرِّفَا tutarrifā	يُتَرِّفَا yutarrifā		نُتَرِّفَ nutarrifa	تُتَرِّفُوا tutarrifū	يُتَرِّفُوا yutarrifū
	f		تُتَرِّفِي tutarrifī	تُتَرِّفَ tutarrifa			تُتَرِّفَا tutarrifā			تُتَرِّفْنَ tutarrifna	يُتَرِّفْنَ yutarrifna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُتَرِّفْ ʔutarrif	تُتَرِّفْ tutarrif	يُتَرِّفْ yutarrif		تُتَرِّفَا tutarrifā	يُتَرِّفَا yutarrifā		نُتَرِّفْ nutarrif	تُتَرِّفُوا tutarrifū	يُتَرِّفُوا yutarrifū
	f		تُتَرِّفِي tutarrifī	تُتَرِّفْ tutarrif			تُتَرِّفَا tutarrifā			تُتَرِّفْنَ tutarrifna	يُتَرِّفْنَ yutarrifna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		تَرِّفْ tarrif			تَرِّفَا tarrifā				تَرِّفُوا tarrifū
	f		تَرِّفِي tarrifī							تَرِّفْنَ tarrifna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تُرِّفْتُ turriftu	تُرِّفْتَ turrifta	تُرِّفَ turrifa		تُرِّفْتُمَا turriftumā	تُرِّفَا turrifā		تُرِّفْنَا turrifnā	تُرِّفْتُمْ turriftum	تُرِّفُوا turrifū
	f		تُرِّفْتِ turrifti	تُرِّفَتْ turrifat			تُرِّفَتَا turrifatā			تُرِّفْتُنَّ turriftunna	تُرِّفْنَ turrifna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُتَرَّفُ ʔutarrafu	تُتَرَّفُ tutarrafu	يُتَرَّفُ yutarrafu		تُتَرَّفَانِ tutarrafāni	يُتَرَّفَانِ yutarrafāni		نُتَرَّفُ nutarrafu	تُتَرَّفُونَ tutarrafūna	يُتَرَّفُونَ yutarrafūna
	f		تُتَرَّفِينَ tutarrafīna	تُتَرَّفُ tutarrafu			تُتَرَّفَانِ tutarrafāni			تُتَرَّفْنَ tutarrafna	يُتَرَّفْنَ yutarrafna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُتَرَّفَ ʔutarrafa	تُتَرَّفَ tutarrafa	يُتَرَّفَ yutarrafa		تُتَرَّفَا tutarrafā	يُتَرَّفَا yutarrafā		نُتَرَّفَ nutarrafa	تُتَرَّفُوا tutarrafū	يُتَرَّفُوا yutarrafū
	f		تُتَرَّفِي tutarrafī	تُتَرَّفَ tutarrafa			تُتَرَّفَا tutarrafā			تُتَرَّفْنَ tutarrafna	يُتَرَّفْنَ yutarrafna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُتَرَّفْ ʔutarraf	تُتَرَّفْ tutarraf	يُتَرَّفْ yutarraf		تُتَرَّفَا tutarrafā	يُتَرَّفَا yutarrafā		نُتَرَّفْ nutarraf	تُتَرَّفُوا tutarrafū	يُتَرَّفُوا yutarrafū
	f		تُتَرَّفِي tutarrafī	تُتَرَّفْ tutarraf			تُتَرَّفَا tutarrafā			تُتَرَّفْنَ tutarrafna	يُتَرَّفْنَ yutarrafna

Adjective

تَرِف • (tarif)

1. luxurious, opulent, delicate
2. effeminate

Derived terms

• أَتْرَفَ (ʔatrafa, “to live in opulence; to make opulent; to make effeminate”)
• تَتَرَّفَ (tatarrafa, “to live in luxury”)
• اِسْتَتْرَفَ (istatrafa, “to behave arrogantly”)

Etymology 2

Verb

تَرِفُّ • (tariffu) (form I)

1. second-person masculine singular non-past active indicative of رَفَّ (raffa)
2. third-person feminine singular non-past active indicative of رَفَّ (raffa)

Verb

تَرِفَّ • (tariffa) (form I)

1. second-person masculine singular non-past active subjunctive of رَفَّ (raffa)
2. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of رَفَّ (raffa)
3. third-person feminine singular non-past active subjunctive of رَفَّ (raffa)
4. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive of رَفَّ (raffa)

Verb

تَرِفِّ • (tariffi) (form I)

1. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of رَفَّ (raffa)
2. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive of رَفَّ (raffa)

Verb

تَرُفُّ • (taruffu) (form I)

1. second-person masculine singular non-past active indicative of رَفَّ (raffa)
2. third-person feminine singular non-past active indicative of رَفَّ (raffa)

Verb

تَرُفَّ • (taruffa) (form I)

1. second-person masculine singular non-past active subjunctive of رَفَّ (raffa)
2. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of رَفَّ (raffa)
3. third-person feminine singular non-past active subjunctive of رَفَّ (raffa)
4. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive of رَفَّ (raffa)

Verb

تَرُفِّ • (taruffi) (form I)

1. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of رَفَّ (raffa)
2. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive of رَفَّ (raffa)

References

• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 214
• “trp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “ترف”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 190
• Hoffmann, Georg, Greßmann, Hugo (1922) “Teraphim. Masken und Winkorakel in Ägypten und Vorderasien”, in Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (in German), volume 40, →DOI, pages 135–137
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “ترف”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[2] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 197
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 579
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ترف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 114

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic تَرِف (tarif).

Noun

ترف • (tərf)

1. (derogatory) a spoiled and/or effeminate person.

   Antonym: زِلِم

Persian

Etymology 1

Cognate with Parthian 𐫤𐫜𐫡 (tfr /⁠tafr⁠/, “cheese”), from Proto-Iranian *tr̥práh.

Alternative forms

• ترپک (tarpak), ترپه (tarpe), ترپ (tarp)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t̪ʰæɾf]

Noun

ترف • (tarf)

1. (archaic, dialectal) qurut, kashk, black kashk

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊɾf]

Readings
Dari reading?	turf

Noun

ترف • (turf)

1. (Dari, dialectal) alternative form of ترب (torob, “radish”)