جاهل

Arabic

Root
ج ه ل (j-h-l)

Etymology

Derived from the active participle of جَهِلَ (jahila, “to be ignorant”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaː.hil/
• Rhymes: -il

Adjective

جَاهِل • (jāhil) (feminine جَاهِلَة (jāhila), common plural جُهَّل (juhhal), masculine plural جَاهِلُون (jāhilūn) or جُهَّال (juhhāl) or جُهَلَاء (juhalāʔ) or جَهَلَة (jahala), feminine plural جَاهِلَات (jāhilāt) or جَوَاهِل (jawāhil), elative أَجْهَل (ʔajhal))

1. ignorant, uneducated
2. foolish
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 25:63:

     وَعِبَادُ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلَّذِينَ يَمْشُونَ عَلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ هَوْنًا وَإِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ ٱلْجَـٰهِلُونَ قَالُوا سَلَٰمًا

     waʕibādu r-raḥmāni llaḏīna yamšūna ʕalā l-ʔarḍi hawnan waʔiḏā ḵāṭabahumu l-jāhilūna qālū salāman

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Declension of adjective جَاهِل (jāhil)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	جَاهِل jāhil	الْجَاهِل al-jāhil	جَاهِلَة jāhila	الْجَاهِلَة al-jāhila
Nominative	جَاهِلٌ jāhilun	الْجَاهِلُ al-jāhilu	جَاهِلَةٌ jāhilatun	الْجَاهِلَةُ al-jāhilatu
Accusative	جَاهِلًا jāhilan	الْجَاهِلَ al-jāhila	جَاهِلَةً jāhilatan	الْجَاهِلَةَ al-jāhilata
Genitive	جَاهِلٍ jāhilin	الْجَاهِلِ al-jāhili	جَاهِلَةٍ jāhilatin	الْجَاهِلَةِ al-jāhilati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	جَاهِلَيْن jāhilayn	الْجَاهِلَيْن al-jāhilayn	جَاهِلَتَيْن jāhilatayn	الْجَاهِلَتَيْن al-jāhilatayn
Nominative	جَاهِلَانِ jāhilāni	الْجَاهِلَانِ al-jāhilāni	جَاهِلَتَانِ jāhilatāni	الْجَاهِلَتَانِ al-jāhilatāni
Accusative	جَاهِلَيْنِ jāhilayni	الْجَاهِلَيْنِ al-jāhilayni	جَاهِلَتَيْنِ jāhilatayni	الْجَاهِلَتَيْنِ al-jāhilatayni
Genitive	جَاهِلَيْنِ jāhilayni	الْجَاهِلَيْنِ al-jāhilayni	جَاهِلَتَيْنِ jāhilatayni	الْجَاهِلَتَيْنِ al-jāhilatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	sound masculine plural‎; basic broken plural triptote‎; basic broken plural diptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)		sound feminine plural‎; basic broken plural diptote‎; basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	جَاهِلِين‎; جُهَّال‎; جُهَلَاء‎; جَهَلَة‎; جُهَّل jāhilīn‎; juhhāl‎; juhalāʔ‎; jahala‎; juhhal	الْجَاهِلِين‎; الْجُهَّال‎; الْجُهَلَاء‎; الْجَهَلَة‎; الْجُهَّل al-jāhilīn‎; al-juhhāl‎; al-juhalāʔ‎; al-jahala‎; al-juhhal	جَاهِلَات‎; جَوَاهِل‎; جُهَّل jāhilāt‎; jawāhil‎; juhhal	الْجَاهِلَات‎; الْجَوَاهِل‎; الْجُهَّل al-jāhilāt‎; al-jawāhil‎; al-juhhal
Nominative	جَاهِلُونَ‎; جُهَّالٌ‎; جُهَلَاءُ‎; جَهَلَةٌ‎; جُهَّلٌ jāhilūna‎; juhhālun‎; juhalāʔu‎; jahalatun‎; juhhalun	الْجَاهِلُونَ‎; الْجُهَّالُ‎; الْجُهَلَاءُ‎; الْجَهَلَةُ‎; الْجُهَّلُ al-jāhilūna‎; al-juhhālu‎; al-juhalāʔu‎; al-jahalatu‎; al-juhhalu	جَاهِلَاتٌ‎; جَوَاهِلُ‎; جُهَّلٌ jāhilātun‎; jawāhilu‎; juhhalun	الْجَاهِلَاتُ‎; الْجَوَاهِلُ‎; الْجُهَّلُ al-jāhilātu‎; al-jawāhilu‎; al-juhhalu
Accusative	جَاهِلِينَ‎; جُهَّالًا‎; جُهَلَاءَ‎; جَهَلَةً‎; جُهَّلًا jāhilīna‎; juhhālan‎; juhalāʔa‎; jahalatan‎; juhhalan	الْجَاهِلِينَ‎; الْجُهَّالَ‎; الْجُهَلَاءَ‎; الْجَهَلَةَ‎; الْجُهَّلَ al-jāhilīna‎; al-juhhāla‎; al-juhalāʔa‎; al-jahalata‎; al-juhhala	جَاهِلَاتٍ‎; جَوَاهِلَ‎; جُهَّلًا jāhilātin‎; jawāhila‎; juhhalan	الْجَاهِلَاتِ‎; الْجَوَاهِلَ‎; الْجُهَّلَ al-jāhilāti‎; al-jawāhila‎; al-juhhala
Genitive	جَاهِلِينَ‎; جُهَّالٍ‎; جُهَلَاءَ‎; جَهَلَةٍ‎; جُهَّلٍ jāhilīna‎; juhhālin‎; juhalāʔa‎; jahalatin‎; juhhalin	الْجَاهِلِينَ‎; الْجُهَّالِ‎; الْجُهَلَاءِ‎; الْجَهَلَةِ‎; الْجُهَّلِ al-jāhilīna‎; al-juhhāli‎; al-juhalāʔi‎; al-jahalati‎; al-juhhali	جَاهِلَاتٍ‎; جَوَاهِلَ‎; جُهَّلٍ jāhilātin‎; jawāhila‎; juhhalin	الْجَاهِلَاتِ‎; الْجَوَاهِلِ‎; الْجُهَّلِ al-jāhilāti‎; al-jawāhili‎; al-juhhali

Antonyms

• عَالِم (ʕālim)

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: ياهل (yāhil, “kid, child”)
• → Azerbaijani: cahil
• → Georgian: ჯეილი (ǯeili, “youngster”), ჯეელი (ǯeeli)
• → Khalaj: câhıl
• → Lishana Deni: גׄחל (jaḥəl)
• → Malay: jahil
• → Middle Armenian: ջահիլ (ǰahil)
  • Armenian: ջահիլ (ǰahil)
• → Northern Kurdish: cahil (“ignorant”), cehêl (“young”)
• → Ottoman Turkish: جاهل (cahil)
  • Turkish: cahil
• → Persian: جاهل (jâhel)
  • → Uzbek: johil
  • → Armenian: ջահել (ǰahel)
  • → Romani: ʒukel (possibly)
• → Swahili: jahili

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ج ه ل
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic جَاهِل (jāhil).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒaː.hil/

Adjective

جاهل • (jāhil) (feminine جاهلة (jāhla), common plural جهال (juhhāl) or جهلة (juhala), masculine plural جاهلين (jāhlīn), feminine plural جاهلات (jāhlāt), elative جهل (jhal) or أجهل (ʔajhal))

1. ignorant, illiterate, uneducated
2. having a blind rage

Northern Kurdish

Adjective

جاهل (cahil)

1. Arabic spelling of cahil

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic جَاهِل (jāhil).

Adjective

جاهل • (cahil)

1. ignorant, idiot

   Synonyms: بلمز (bilmez), نادان (nadan)

Derived terms

• جاهللك (cahillik, “ignorance”)

Descendants

• Turkish: cahil

References

• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “جاهل”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 178

Persian

Etymology

From Arabic جَاهِل (jāhil).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑː.ˈhil]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑː.ɦɪ́l]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑː.ɦɪ́l]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑː.jɪ́l]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɔː.jíl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɒː.ɦél̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɔ.ɦíl]

Readings
Classical reading?	jāhil
Dari reading?	jāhil
Iranian reading?	jâhel
Tajik reading?	johil

Adjective

Dari	جاهل
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷоҳил

جاهل • (jâhel) (comparative جاهل‌تَر (jâhel-tar), superlative جاهل‌تَرین (jâhel-tarin))

1. foolish, unwise
2. ignorant, uninformed
3. (informal, now rare) young

Synonyms

• نادان (nâdân)

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “جاهل”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press