خان

See also: جان

Arabic

خَان

خَان

Etymology 1

From Persian خان (xân, “caravanserai”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xaːn/

Noun

خَان • (ḵān) m (plural خَانَات (ḵānāt))

1. hostel, caravanserai, inn

Declension

Declension of noun خَان (ḵān)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَان ḵān	الْخَان al-ḵān	خَان ḵān
Nominative	خَانٌ ḵānun	الْخَانُ al-ḵānu	خَانُ ḵānu
Accusative	خَانًا ḵānan	الْخَانَ al-ḵāna	خَانَ ḵāna
Genitive	خَانٍ ḵānin	الْخَانِ al-ḵāni	خَانِ ḵāni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَانَيْن ḵānayn	الْخَانَيْن al-ḵānayn	خَانَيْ ḵānay
Nominative	خَانَانِ ḵānāni	الْخَانَانِ al-ḵānāni	خَانَا ḵānā
Accusative	خَانَيْنِ ḵānayni	الْخَانَيْنِ al-ḵānayni	خَانَيْ ḵānay
Genitive	خَانَيْنِ ḵānayni	الْخَانَيْنِ al-ḵānayni	خَانَيْ ḵānay
Plural	sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَانَات ḵānāt	الْخَانَات al-ḵānāt	خَانَات ḵānāt
Nominative	خَانَاتٌ ḵānātun	الْخَانَاتُ al-ḵānātu	خَانَاتُ ḵānātu
Accusative	خَانَاتٍ ḵānātin	الْخَانَاتِ al-ḵānāti	خَانَاتِ ḵānāti
Genitive	خَانَاتٍ ḵānātin	الْخَانَاتِ al-ḵānāti	خَانَاتِ ḵānāti

Synonyms

• مُسَافِرْخَانَة (musāfirḵāna) (Vulgar Arabic)

Derived terms

• خَانَة (ḵāna)

Descendants

• English: khan

Etymology 2

Root
خ و ن (ḵ-w-n)

Verb

خَانَ • (ḵāna) I, non-past يَخُونُ‎ (yaḵūnu)

1. to be disloyal, to be faithless, to be false, to be treacherous, to be perfidious; to act disloyally, to act treacherously, to act perfidiously
2. to betray
   1. to cheat, to dupe, to hoodwink, to deceive, to impose upon, to fool, to deceive, to mislead
   2. to forsake, to desert, to let down
   3. to fail, to break (a promise, contract)

Conjugation

Conjugation of

خَانَ

(form-I hollow, verbal nouns خَوْن or خِيَانَة or مَخَانَة)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						خَوْن or خِيَانَة or مَخَانَة ḵawn or ḵiyāna or maḵāna
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						خَائِن ḵāʔin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَخُون maḵūn
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خُنْتُ ḵuntu	خُنْتَ ḵunta	خَانَ ḵāna		خُنْتُمَا ḵuntumā	خَانَا ḵānā		خُنَّا ḵunnā	خُنْتُمْ ḵuntum	خَانُوا ḵānū
	f		خُنْتِ ḵunti	خَانَتْ ḵānat			خَانَتَا ḵānatā			خُنْتُنَّ ḵuntunna	خُنَّ ḵunna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَخُونُ ʔaḵūnu	تَخُونُ taḵūnu	يَخُونُ yaḵūnu		تَخُونَانِ taḵūnāni	يَخُونَانِ yaḵūnāni		نَخُونُ naḵūnu	تَخُونُونَ taḵūnūna	يَخُونُونَ yaḵūnūna
	f		تَخُونِينَ taḵūnīna	تَخُونُ taḵūnu			تَخُونَانِ taḵūnāni			تَخُنَّ taḵunna	يَخُنَّ yaḵunna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَخُونَ ʔaḵūna	تَخُونَ taḵūna	يَخُونَ yaḵūna		تَخُونَا taḵūnā	يَخُونَا yaḵūnā		نَخُونَ naḵūna	تَخُونُوا taḵūnū	يَخُونُوا yaḵūnū
	f		تَخُونِي taḵūnī	تَخُونَ taḵūna			تَخُونَا taḵūnā			تَخُنَّ taḵunna	يَخُنَّ yaḵunna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَخُنْ ʔaḵun	تَخُنْ taḵun	يَخُنْ yaḵun		تَخُونَا taḵūnā	يَخُونَا yaḵūnā		نَخُنْ naḵun	تَخُونُوا taḵūnū	يَخُونُوا yaḵūnū
	f		تَخُونِي taḵūnī	تَخُنْ taḵun			تَخُونَا taḵūnā			تَخُنَّ taḵunna	يَخُنَّ yaḵunna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		خُنْ ḵun			خُونَا ḵūnā				خُونُوا ḵūnū
	f		خُونِي ḵūnī							خُنَّ ḵunna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خِنْتُ ḵintu	خِنْتَ ḵinta	خِينَ ḵīna		خِنْتُمَا ḵintumā	خِينَا ḵīnā		خِنَّا ḵinnā	خِنْتُمْ ḵintum	خِينُوا ḵīnū
	f		خِنْتِ ḵinti	خِينَتْ ḵīnat			خِينَتَا ḵīnatā			خِنْتُنَّ ḵintunna	خِنَّ ḵinna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَانُ ʔuḵānu	تُخَانُ tuḵānu	يُخَانُ yuḵānu		تُخَانَانِ tuḵānāni	يُخَانَانِ yuḵānāni		نُخَانُ nuḵānu	تُخَانُونَ tuḵānūna	يُخَانُونَ yuḵānūna
	f		تُخَانِينَ tuḵānīna	تُخَانُ tuḵānu			تُخَانَانِ tuḵānāni			تُخَنَّ tuḵanna	يُخَنَّ yuḵanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَانَ ʔuḵāna	تُخَانَ tuḵāna	يُخَانَ yuḵāna		تُخَانَا tuḵānā	يُخَانَا yuḵānā		نُخَانَ nuḵāna	تُخَانُوا tuḵānū	يُخَانُوا yuḵānū
	f		تُخَانِي tuḵānī	تُخَانَ tuḵāna			تُخَانَا tuḵānā			تُخَنَّ tuḵanna	يُخَنَّ yuḵanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَنْ ʔuḵan	تُخَنْ tuḵan	يُخَنْ yuḵan		تُخَانَا tuḵānā	يُخَانَا yuḵānā		نُخَنْ nuḵan	تُخَانُوا tuḵānū	يُخَانُوا yuḵānū
	f		تُخَانِي tuḵānī	تُخَنْ tuḵan			تُخَانَا tuḵānā			تُخَنَّ tuḵanna	يُخَنَّ yuḵanna

Related terms

• خَائِن (ḵāʔin)
• خَوَّان (ḵawwān)
• خَوَّنَ (ḵawwana)
• خَؤُون (ḵaʔūn)
• خِيَانَة (ḵiyāna)

Etymology 3

From earlier قَان (qān), derived from Old Turkic 𐰴𐰣 (qan) a contraction of 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qaɣan); doublet of خَاقَان (ḵāqān) an earlier form, from Middle Persian hʾkʾn' (xāgān), from Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qaɣan); ultimately of unknown origin, suggested as a borrowing.

Noun

خَان • (ḵān) m (plural خَوَانِين (ḵawānīn))

1. khan, a ruler in Northern Asia

Declension

Declension of noun خَان (ḵān)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَان ḵān	الْخَان al-ḵān	خَان ḵān
Nominative	خَانٌ ḵānun	الْخَانُ al-ḵānu	خَانُ ḵānu
Accusative	خَانًا ḵānan	الْخَانَ al-ḵāna	خَانَ ḵāna
Genitive	خَانٍ ḵānin	الْخَانِ al-ḵāni	خَانِ ḵāni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَانَيْن ḵānayn	الْخَانَيْن al-ḵānayn	خَانَيْ ḵānay
Nominative	خَانَانِ ḵānāni	الْخَانَانِ al-ḵānāni	خَانَا ḵānā
Accusative	خَانَيْنِ ḵānayni	الْخَانَيْنِ al-ḵānayni	خَانَيْ ḵānay
Genitive	خَانَيْنِ ḵānayni	الْخَانَيْنِ al-ḵānayni	خَانَيْ ḵānay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَوَانِين ḵawānīn	الْخَوَانِين al-ḵawānīn	خَوَانِين ḵawānīn
Nominative	خَوَانِينُ ḵawānīnu	الْخَوَانِينُ al-ḵawānīnu	خَوَانِينُ ḵawānīnu
Accusative	خَوَانِينَ ḵawānīna	الْخَوَانِينَ al-ḵawānīna	خَوَانِينَ ḵawānīna
Genitive	خَوَانِينَ ḵawānīna	الْخَوَانِينِ al-ḵawānīni	خَوَانِينِ ḵawānīni

Derived terms

• خَانِيَّة (ḵāniyya, “khanate”)

Azerbaijani

Noun

خان

1. Arabic spelling of xan

Bulgar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kiān.

Noun

خان (hān)

1. blood

References

• Tekin, Talat (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası‎^[2], Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, page 16

Ottoman Turkish

خان

خان

Etymology 1

From Persian خان (xân, “caravanserai”).

Noun

خان • (han) (plural خانلار (hanlar))

1. inn, caravanserai

Descendants

• Turkish: han
• → Albanian: han
• → Aromanian: háne
• → Bulgarian: хан (han)
• → Greek: χάνι (cháni)
• → Hungarian: hán
• → Romanian: han
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: ха̑н

  Latin script: hȃn

Etymology 2

Compare Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qaɣan), considered to be of non-Turkic Central Asian origin.

Noun

خان • (han)

1. khan

Descendants

• Turkish: han

References

• Поленаковиќ, Харалампие (2007) chapter 817., in Зузана Тополињска, Петар Атанасов, editors, Турските елементи во ароманскиот [Turskite elementi vo aromanskiot]‎^[3], put into Macedonian from the author’s Serbo-Croatian Turski elementi u aromunskom dijalektu (1939, unpublished) by Веселинка Лаброска, Скопје: Македонска академија на науките и уметностите [Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite], →ISBN, page 134
• Zenker, Julius Theodor (1876) “خان”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 2 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 402

Persian

Pronunciation

Dari	خان
Iranian Persian
Tajik	хон

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xɑːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xɑːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xɑːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xɔːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xɒːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χɔn]

Readings
Classical reading?	xān
Dari reading?	xān
Iranian reading?	xân
Tajik reading?	xon

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Turkic; first attested in Islamic lands in Karakhanid coinage from the 900s. See Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qǧn¹ /⁠qaɣan⁠/) for more.

Noun

خان • (xân) (plural خان‌ها (xân-hâ) or خوانین (xavânin))

1. Sir, Mister; a title attached after the name of a man, marking politeness and/or social distance.

   داریوش خان ― dâryuš xân ― Mister Daryoosh

2. (historical) khan (nomadic ruler); by extension:

   چنگیز خان ― čengiz xân ― Genghis Khan

   1. A Safavid provincial governor ranking between بیگلربیگی (beyglarbeygi, “governor-general”) and سلطان (soltân, “deputy governor”).
   2. In the Mughal and Qajar empires, an extremely common title used for any nobleman and courtier, even if not of nomadic background.
   3. The Ottoman emperor.

Usage notes

• As a suffix of politeness, آقا (âqâ) is more formal and خان (xân) is more informal. Nowadays, خان (xân) is sometimes used to express sarcasm, since آقا (âqâ) is more common in actually formal or polite contexts. Otherwise, it can be felt to be dated.

Related terms

• خانیت (xâniyat)

 

Descendants

• → Gujarati: ખાન (khān), ખાં (khā̃)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: ख़ान (xān)

  Urdu: خان (xān)

References

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “خان”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hʾn' /⁠xān⁠/, “house”).

Noun

خان • (xân) (plural خان‌ها (xân-hâ) or خانات (xânât))

2. caravanserai

   Synonym: کاروانسرا (kârvânsarâ)

3. rifling (system of grooves in a rifled gun barrel or cannon)
4. (archaic) Alternative form of خانه (xâne, “house”).

Descendants

• → Arabic: خَان (ḵān)
• → Ottoman Turkish: خان (han)
  • Turkish: han
  • → Albanian: han
  • → Aromanian: háne
  • → Bulgarian: хан (han)
  • → Greek: χάνι (cháni)
  • → Hungarian: hán
  • → Romanian: han
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ха̑н

    Latin script: hȃn

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “خان”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “xān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 93

Punjabi

Noun

خان • (xān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਖ਼ਾਨ)

1. khan

Proper noun

خان • (xān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਖ਼ਾਨ)

1. a surname, Khan

Further reading

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “خان”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

Sindhi

Noun

خانُ • (transliteration needed) m

1. khan

Further reading

• Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “خانُ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
• “خان”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, University of Chicago: Center for Language Engineering, Pakistan, 1866-1938

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خان (xān).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xɑːn/

Noun

خان • (xān) m (formal plural خانان (xānān) or خَوانِین (xavānīn), Hindi spelling ख़ान)

1. khan

Derived terms

• خانِیَت (xāniyat)

 

Proper noun

خان • (xān) ? (Hindi spelling ख़ान)

1. a surname, Khan

Uyghur

Noun

خان • (xan) (plural خانلار (xanlar))

1. khan