خلر
Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Also found with metathesis in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic חורלא and Classical Syriac ܚܘܪܠܐ (ḥūrəlā, “a kind of Lathyrus”), and Hebrew חָרֻל (ḥārūl). Perhaps retaining the older order from Imperial Aramaic 𐡇𐡋𐡅𐡓 (ḥlwr /ḥallūr/, “1/40th of a shekel”, literally “bean”), used by the Achaemenids as its smallest monetary measure. From Akkadian 𒄬𒇻𒊒 (ḫallūru, ḫallāru, ḫillūru, ḫullūru /ḫal-lu-ru/, “chickpea; 1/10 shekel”), itself less likely to be of Semitic origin as the close pairing of /l/ and /r/ is not typical. Suggested ultimate Hurrian origin, possibly by way of Ugaritic 𒄷𒌌𒇻𒊒 (ḫu-ul-lu-ru), which is attested only in syllabic form. Compare Akkadian 𒄒 (/šallūru/, “plum”), another Hurrian loan into the Semitic family with the same pattern. Likely cognate also with Ancient Greek ὄλῡρᾰ (ólūra, “type of harvest or grain; spelt, rice-wheat”) and with Old Armenian ոլոռն (oloṙn, “pea”), dialectal Armenian քըլուր (kʻəlur, “a kind of corn resembling oats”), խըլօր (xəlōr, “millet-sized hail; a kind of millet-sized useless grain”), which may be derived from the same origin as the Akkadian through an Urartian intermediary.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
خُلَّر • (ḵullar) m (uncountable, obsolete)
- a not further identifiable Fabeae tribe legume
- a. 889, Ibn Quṭayba ad-Dīnawarīy, edited by عَبْد اللّٰه الجبوري, كتاب غريب الحديث[1], 1st edition, volume 1, Baghdad, Iraq: مَطْبَعَة الْعَانِي [maṭbaʕa(t) al-ʕānī], published 1977, pages 185–186:
- وَرَأى قوم على القطنية وَهِي الْحُبُوب مثل العدس والحمص والأرز والجلبان وَهُوَ الخلر والفول وَهُوَ الباقلاء وَهُوَ الجرجر أَيْضا وَأَحْسبهُ معربا والترمس وَهُوَ الجرجر الرُّومِي والدخن وَهن الجاورس واللوبياء والذرة وَأَشْبَاه ذَلِك مِمَّا يبْقى فِي أَيدي النَّاس لِلزَّكَاةِ لِأَنَّهَا حب.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension edit
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | خُلَّر ḵullar |
الْخُلَّر al-ḵullar |
خُلَّر ḵullar |
| Nominative | خُلَّرٌ ḵullarun |
الْخُلَّرُ al-ḵullaru |
خُلَّرُ ḵullaru |
| Accusative | خُلَّرًا ḵullaran |
الْخُلَّرَ al-ḵullara |
خُلَّرَ ḵullara |
| Genitive | خُلَّرٍ ḵullarin |
الْخُلَّرِ al-ḵullari |
خُلَّرِ ḵullari |
References edit
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 142
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1893) “Beiträge zur Erklärung der Glossen des Bar Bahlûl II.”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes[2] (in German), volume 7, pages 82–83
- Freytag, Georg (1830) “خلر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[3] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 513a
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “خلر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[4] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 613a
- Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen[5] (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 173
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 526
- Thompson, Reginald Campbell (1941) Cyril John Gadd, editor, A Dictionary of Assyrian Botany[6], London: The British Academy, published 1949, pages 105–106
- “ḫallūru”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)[7], volume 6, Ḫ, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956, pages 47–48
- “ḥlr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “ḥwrlˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “ḥwrl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–