Persian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (OŠTEN-tn' /⁠xwardan⁠/), 𐫑𐫇𐫡𐫅𐫗 (k̇wrdn /⁠xwardan⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *hwar- (to eat, consume), with further origin unknown. Cognates include Northern Kurdish xwarin (to eat), Pashto خوړل (xwaṛə́l, to eat), Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (xᵛaraiti, to consume, eat).

Original meaning of the root was "to take". During the Proto-Iranian period it replaced the native Indo-European root for "to eat" *h₁ed-, perhaps originally being used in a more informal way. The other root has been preserved in several nominal formations, such as Proto-Iranian *HacwaHastiš (alfalfa) and Ossetian ад (ad, taste).

Pronunciation edit

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Readings
Classical reading? xwardan
Dari reading? xurdan
Iranian reading? xordan
Tajik reading? xurdan, xürdan

Verb edit

Dari خوردن
Iranian Persian
Tajik хӯрдан

خوردن (xordan) (present stem خور (xor))

  1. (transitive) to eat
    امروز چی خورده‌ای؟
    emruz či xordi?
    What did you eat today?
  2. (transitive) to drink
    ملاها می‌گویند شراب خوردن گناه است.
    mollâ-hâ mi-guyand šarâb xordan gonâh ast.
    The mullahs say drinking wine is a sin.
  3. (transitive) to corrode, to damage, to wear away
    این گاز به شدت فلزات را می‌خورد.
    in gâz be šeddat felezzât râ mi-xorad.
    This gas severely corrodes metals.
  4. (with به) to run into, collide with
    مواظب باش بچه، همیشه سرت به میز می‌خوره.
    movâzeb bâš bačče, hamiše sar-et be miz mi-xore.
    Be careful kiddo, you always hit your head on the table.
  5. (with به) to fit, to match, to suit, to go along with
    این صندلی به این میز نمی‌خوره.
    in sandali be in miz ne-mi-xore.
    This chair doesn't fit this table.
  6. to suffer, to receive; used in various compound verbs, often with negative meaning.
    سرما خوردنsarmâ xordanto catch a cold
    غصه خوردنğosse xordanto become sad
    سیلی خوردنsili xordanto get slapped in the face

Conjugation edit

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

See also edit

References edit

  • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “خوردن”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 147