خوش

Arabic edit

Verb edit

خَوَّشَ • (ḵawwaša) II, non-past يُخَوِّشُ‎ (yuḵawwišu)

to countersink
to ream

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of

خَوَّشَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَخْوِيش taḵwīš
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُخَوِّش muḵawwiš
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُخَوَّش muḵawwaš
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَوَّشْتُ ḵawwaštu	خَوَّشْتَ ḵawwašta	خَوَّشَ ḵawwaša	خَوَّشْتُمَا ḵawwaštumā	خَوَّشَا ḵawwašā	خَوَّشْنَا ḵawwašnā	خَوَّشْتُمْ ḵawwaštum	خَوَّشُوا ḵawwašū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خَوَّشْتُ ḵawwaštu	خَوَّشْتِ ḵawwašti	خَوَّشَتْ ḵawwašat	خَوَّشْتُمَا ḵawwaštumā	خَوَّشَتَا ḵawwašatā	خَوَّشْنَا ḵawwašnā	خَوَّشْتُنَّ ḵawwaštunna	خَوَّشْنَ ḵawwašna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوِّشُ ʔuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشُ tuḵawwišu	يُخَوِّشُ yuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشَانِ tuḵawwišāni	يُخَوِّشَانِ yuḵawwišāni	نُخَوِّشُ nuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشُونَ tuḵawwišūna	يُخَوِّشُونَ yuḵawwišūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُخَوِّشُ ʔuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشِينَ tuḵawwišīna	تُخَوِّشُ tuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشَانِ tuḵawwišāni	تُخَوِّشَانِ tuḵawwišāni	نُخَوِّشُ nuḵawwišu	تُخَوِّشْنَ tuḵawwišna	يُخَوِّشْنَ yuḵawwišna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوِّشَ ʔuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشَ tuḵawwiša	يُخَوِّشَ yuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	يُخَوِّشَا yuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشَ nuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشُوا tuḵawwišū	يُخَوِّشُوا yuḵawwišū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخَوِّشَ ʔuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشِي tuḵawwišī	تُخَوِّشَ tuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشَ nuḵawwiša	تُخَوِّشْنَ tuḵawwišna	يُخَوِّشْنَ yuḵawwišna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوِّشْ ʔuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشْ tuḵawwiš	يُخَوِّشْ yuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	يُخَوِّشَا yuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشْ nuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشُوا tuḵawwišū	يُخَوِّشُوا yuḵawwišū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخَوِّشْ ʔuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشِي tuḵawwišī	تُخَوِّشْ tuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	تُخَوِّشَا tuḵawwišā	نُخَوِّشْ nuḵawwiš	تُخَوِّشْنَ tuḵawwišna	يُخَوِّشْنَ yuḵawwišna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		خَوِّشْ ḵawwiš		خَوِّشَا ḵawwišā			خَوِّشُوا ḵawwišū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		خَوِّشِي ḵawwišī		خَوِّشَا ḵawwišā			خَوِّشْنَ ḵawwišna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خُوِّشْتُ ḵuwwištu	خُوِّشْتَ ḵuwwišta	خُوِّشَ ḵuwwiša	خُوِّشْتُمَا ḵuwwištumā	خُوِّشَا ḵuwwišā	خُوِّشْنَا ḵuwwišnā	خُوِّشْتُمْ ḵuwwištum	خُوِّشُوا ḵuwwišū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خُوِّشْتُ ḵuwwištu	خُوِّشْتِ ḵuwwišti	خُوِّشَتْ ḵuwwišat	خُوِّشْتُمَا ḵuwwištumā	خُوِّشَتَا ḵuwwišatā	خُوِّشْنَا ḵuwwišnā	خُوِّشْتُنَّ ḵuwwištunna	خُوِّشْنَ ḵuwwišna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخَوَّشُ ʔuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشُ tuḵawwašu	يُخَوَّشُ yuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشَانِ tuḵawwašāni	يُخَوَّشَانِ yuḵawwašāni	نُخَوَّشُ nuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشُونَ tuḵawwašūna	يُخَوَّشُونَ yuḵawwašūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُخَوَّشُ ʔuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشِينَ tuḵawwašīna	تُخَوَّشُ tuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشَانِ tuḵawwašāni	تُخَوَّشَانِ tuḵawwašāni	نُخَوَّشُ nuḵawwašu	تُخَوَّشْنَ tuḵawwašna	يُخَوَّشْنَ yuḵawwašna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخَوَّشَ ʔuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشَ tuḵawwaša	يُخَوَّشَ yuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	يُخَوَّشَا yuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشَ nuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشُوا tuḵawwašū	يُخَوَّشُوا yuḵawwašū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخَوَّشَ ʔuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشِي tuḵawwašī	تُخَوَّشَ tuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشَ nuḵawwaša	تُخَوَّشْنَ tuḵawwašna	يُخَوَّشْنَ yuḵawwašna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخَوَّشْ ʔuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشْ tuḵawwaš	يُخَوَّشْ yuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	يُخَوَّشَا yuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشْ nuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشُوا tuḵawwašū	يُخَوَّشُوا yuḵawwašū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخَوَّشْ ʔuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشِي tuḵawwašī	تُخَوَّشْ tuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	تُخَوَّشَا tuḵawwašā	نُخَوَّشْ nuḵawwaš	تُخَوَّشْنَ tuḵawwašna	يُخَوَّشْنَ yuḵawwašna

Gulf Arabic edit

Etymology edit

From Persian (xoš).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /χoːʃ/

Adjective edit

خوش • (ḵōš)

(with a following noun) good, nice, pleasant.
اهي خوش زوجة.
ihya ḵōš zōja
She’s a good wife.

Usage notes edit

This is a prepositive adjective, and thus must come before the noun it modifies.

Interjection edit

خوش • (ḵōš)

nice, good, OK, alright, awesome.
- بنروح المخيم باچر
- خوش!
- We wanna go camping tomorrow.
- Awesome!

Iraqi Arabic edit

Etymology edit

From Persian (xoš).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /χoːʃ/

Adjective edit

خوش (ḵōš) m or f

(with a following noun) good; someone or something good
هايه خوش سيارة
hāya ḵōš sayyāra
This is a good car.

Interjection edit

خوش (ḵōš)

nice, good, OK, alright, awesome.

Usage notes edit

This is a prepositive adjective, and thus must come before the noun it modifies.

Synonyms edit

زين (zēn)

North Mesopotamian Arabic edit

Etymology edit

From Persian (xoš).

Adjective edit

خوش (ḵōš) m or f

(with a following noun) good; someone or something good
هذي خوش سيارة
haðiːḵōš səj.jɑː.rə
This is a good car.

Usage notes edit

The sense is adjectival, but the construction is like that of a noun or pronoun.

Synonyms edit

مليح (mliːħ)
زين (zɪn)

Persian edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (xwš /⁠xʷaš⁠/, “pleasant, sweet, nice”), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫟𐫇𐫢 (xwš /⁠xʷaš⁠/, “pleasant, good”), from Proto-Iranian. Cognate with Parthian 𐫇𐫟𐫢 (wxš /⁠wxaš⁠/, “pleasant, sweet”), Northern Kurdish xweş, Zazaki weş, Gurani [script needed] (wäš), Baluchi (waš(š)) and possibly Khotanese khaṣṣa- (“pleasant”). Doublet of (vaš).

The reconstruction of the Proto-Iranian form and its further relations are uncertain. Perhaps Proto-Iranian *hwarša-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swarćša-, from Proto-Indo-European *swelḱs (“taste (sweet)”), and cognate with Jassic horz and Old Armenian քաղցր (kʿałcʿr).^[1]^[2] An older proposal explains as Proto-Iranian *hw-aši-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-Hákši (“provided with beautiful sight, beautiful to the eye, or with a kind eye”, literally “good-eye”).^[3]^[4]^[5]

Pronunciation edit

Audio (file)

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xʷaʃ]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xʊʃ], [xoːʃ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xʊʃ], [xoːʃ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xuʃ], [xʊːʃ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xoʃ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χuʃ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	xwaš
Dari reading^?	xuš, xōš
Iranian reading^?	xoš
Tajik reading^?	xuš

Adjective edit


Iranian Persian	خوش
Dari	خوش
Tajik	хуш

خوش • (xoš) (comparative خوش‌تَر (xoš-tar), superlative خوش‌تَرین (xoš-tarin))

Inflection edit

Predicative forms of خوش (xoš)
	singular	plural
1^st person (“I am, we are”)	خوشم (xošam)	خوشیم (xošim)
2^nd person (“you are”)	خوشی (xoši)	خوشید (xošid) خوشین ^△ (xošin)
3^rd person (“he/she/it is, they are”)	خوش است (xoš ast) خوشه ^△ (xoše)	خوشند (xošand) خوشن ^△ (xošan)
^△ Colloquial.

Derived terms edit

خوش آمدید (xoš âmadid)
خوشی (xoši)
سرخوش (sarxoš)
خوش و بش (xoš-o-beš)
خوشحال (xošhâl)
خوشگل (xošgel)
خوشوقت (xošvaqt)
خوش‌مزه (xoš-maze)

Descendants edit

→ Armenian: խոշ (xoš)
→ Azerbaijani: xoş
→ Gulf Arabic: خوش (ḵōš)
→ Bengali: খোশ (khōś)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: ख़ुश (xuś)
Urdu: خوش (xuś)
- → Phalura: xošaán
- → Ushojo: خوشالہ
→ Kazakh: хош (xoş), қош (qoş)
→ North Mesopotamian Arabic: خوش (ḵōš)
→ Punjabi: ਖੁਸ਼ (khuś), خُوش (xūś)
→ Saraiki: خُوش (xūś)
→ Turkish: hoş
→ Uyghur: خۇش (xush)

References edit

^ Gert, Klingenschmitt (2000) “Mittelpersisch”, in Bernhard Forssman, Robert Plath, editors, Indoarisch, Iranisch und die Indogermanistik: Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 2. bis 5. Oktober 1997 in Erlangen (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert, page 204
^ Korn, Agnes (2005) Towards a Historical Grammar of Balochi: Studies in Balochi Historical Phonology and Vocabulary (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 26)‎^[1], Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 132
^ Müller, Friedrich (1891) “Bemerkungen über awestische, pahlawi und neupersische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎^[2] (in German), volume 5, page 352 of 348–356
^ Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 113, page 508
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 415

Saraiki edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Classical Persian (xʷuš, xʷaš).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /xʊʃ/

Adjective edit

خوش (xoś) (Devanagari ख़ुश)

happy

Urdu edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Classical Persian (xʷuš, xʷaš).

Pronunciation edit

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xʊʃ/
Rhymes: -ʊʃ

Adjective edit

خوش • (xuś) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ख़ुश)

Descendants edit

→ Phalura: xošaán
→ Ushojo: خوشالہ

Uyghur edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /xoʃ/, /xɔʃ/.

Interjection edit

خوش • (xosh)

goodbye

[1] Gert, Klingenschmitt (2000) “Mittelpersisch”, in Bernhard Forssman, Robert Plath, editors, Indoarisch, Iranisch und die Indogermanistik: Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 2. bis 5. Oktober 1997 in Erlangen (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert, page 204

[2] Korn, Agnes (2005) Towards a Historical Grammar of Balochi: Studies in Balochi Historical Phonology and Vocabulary (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 26)‎^[1], Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 132

[3] Müller, Friedrich (1891) “Bemerkungen über awestische, pahlawi und neupersische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes‎^[2] (in German), volume 5, page 352 of 348–356

[4] Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 113, page 508

[5] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 415

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

خوش

Arabic edit

Verb edit

Conjugation edit

Gulf Arabic edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

Usage notes edit

Interjection edit

Iraqi Arabic edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

Interjection edit

Usage notes edit

Synonyms edit

North Mesopotamian Arabic edit

Etymology edit

Adjective edit

Usage notes edit

Synonyms edit

Persian edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

Inflection edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

References edit

Further reading edit

Saraiki edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

Urdu edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

Descendants edit

Further reading edit

Uyghur edit

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit