رمضان
Arabic edit
Etymology edit
The month was a summer month in pre-Islamic times before the Quranic prohibition against leap months (Quran 9:37). Hence without doubt from the root ر م ض (r m ḍ, “scorching heat”), and related to رَمَض (ramaḍ, “parchedness, scorchedness”) and رَمْضَاء (ramḍāʔ, “sun-baked ground”). Compare also اِرْتَمَضَ (irtamaḍa, “to be consumed by grief and sorrow”).
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
رَمَضَان • (ramaḍān) m
- Ramadan
- a male given name
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular diptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | — | رَمَضَان ramaḍān |
— |
Nominative | — | رَمَضَانُ ramaḍānu |
— |
Accusative | — | رَمَضَانَ ramaḍāna |
— |
Genitive | — | رَمَضَانَ ramaḍāna |
— |
Noun edit
رَمَضَان • (ramaḍān) m (plural رَمَضَانَات (ramaḍānāt) or أَرْمِضَة (ʔarmiḍa) or أَرْمِضَاء (ʔarmiḍāʔ) or رَمَاضِين (ramāḍīn))
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | رَمَضَان ramaḍān |
الرَّمَضَان ar-ramaḍān |
رَمَضَان ramaḍān |
Nominative | رَمَضَانٌ ramaḍānun |
الرَّمَضَانُ ar-ramaḍānu |
رَمَضَانُ ramaḍānu |
Accusative | رَمَضَانًا ramaḍānan |
الرَّمَضَانَ ar-ramaḍāna |
رَمَضَانَ ramaḍāna |
Genitive | رَمَضَانٍ ramaḍānin |
الرَّمَضَانِ ar-ramaḍāni |
رَمَضَانِ ramaḍāni |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | رَمَضَانَيْن ramaḍānayn |
الرَّمَضَانَيْن ar-ramaḍānayn |
رَمَضَانَيْ ramaḍānay |
Nominative | رَمَضَانَانِ ramaḍānāni |
الرَّمَضَانَانِ ar-ramaḍānāni |
رَمَضَانَا ramaḍānā |
Accusative | رَمَضَانَيْنِ ramaḍānayni |
الرَّمَضَانَيْنِ ar-ramaḍānayni |
رَمَضَانَيْ ramaḍānay |
Genitive | رَمَضَانَيْنِ ramaḍānayni |
الرَّمَضَانَيْنِ ar-ramaḍānayni |
رَمَضَانَيْ ramaḍānay |
Plural | sound feminine plural; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a); basic broken plural diptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | رَمَضَانَات; أَرْمِضَة; أَرْمِضَاء; رَمَاضِين ramaḍānāt; ʔarmiḍa; ʔarmiḍāʔ; ramāḍīn |
الرَّمَضَانَات; الْأَرْمِضَة; الْأَرْمِضَاء; الرَّمَاضِين ar-ramaḍānāt; al-ʔarmiḍa; al-ʔarmiḍāʔ; ar-ramāḍīn |
رَمَضَانَات; أَرْمِضَة; أَرْمِضَاء; رَمَاضِين ramaḍānāt; ʔarmiḍat; ʔarmiḍāʔ; ramāḍīn |
Nominative | رَمَضَانَاتٌ; أَرْمِضَةٌ; أَرْمِضَاءُ; رَمَاضِينُ ramaḍānātun; ʔarmiḍatun; ʔarmiḍāʔu; ramāḍīnu |
الرَّمَضَانَاتُ; الْأَرْمِضَةُ; الْأَرْمِضَاءُ; الرَّمَاضِينُ ar-ramaḍānātu; al-ʔarmiḍatu; al-ʔarmiḍāʔu; ar-ramāḍīnu |
رَمَضَانَاتُ; أَرْمِضَةُ; أَرْمِضَاءُ; رَمَاضِينُ ramaḍānātu; ʔarmiḍatu; ʔarmiḍāʔu; ramāḍīnu |
Accusative | رَمَضَانَاتٍ; أَرْمِضَةً; أَرْمِضَاءَ; رَمَاضِينَ ramaḍānātin; ʔarmiḍatan; ʔarmiḍāʔa; ramāḍīna |
الرَّمَضَانَاتِ; الْأَرْمِضَةَ; الْأَرْمِضَاءَ; الرَّمَاضِينَ ar-ramaḍānāti; al-ʔarmiḍata; al-ʔarmiḍāʔa; ar-ramāḍīna |
رَمَضَانَاتِ; أَرْمِضَةَ; أَرْمِضَاءَ; رَمَاضِينَ ramaḍānāti; ʔarmiḍata; ʔarmiḍāʔa; ramāḍīna |
Genitive | رَمَضَانَاتٍ; أَرْمِضَةٍ; أَرْمِضَاءَ; رَمَاضِينَ ramaḍānātin; ʔarmiḍatin; ʔarmiḍāʔa; ramāḍīna |
الرَّمَضَانَاتِ; الْأَرْمِضَةِ; الْأَرْمِضَاءِ; الرَّمَاضِينِ ar-ramaḍānāti; al-ʔarmiḍati; al-ʔarmiḍāʔi; ar-ramāḍīni |
رَمَضَانَاتِ; أَرْمِضَةِ; أَرْمِضَاءِ; رَمَاضِينِ ramaḍānāti; ʔarmiḍati; ʔarmiḍāʔi; ramāḍīni |
Coordinate terms edit
Muharram | Safar | Rabi I | Rabi II |
اَلْمُحَرَّم (al-muḥarram) مُحَرَّم (muḥarram) |
صَفَر (ṣafar) | رَبِيع الْأَوَّل (rabīʕ al-ʔawwal) | رَبِيع الْآخِر (rabīʕ al-ʔāḵir) رَبِيع الثَّانِي (rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī) |
Jumada I | Jumada II | Rajab | Sha'ban |
جُمَادَى الْأُولَى (jumādā l-ʔūlā) | جُمَادَى الْآخِرَة (jumādā l-ʔāḵira) جُمَادَى الثَّانِي (jumādā ṯ-ṯānī) |
رَجَب (rajab) | شَعْبَان (šaʕbān) |
Ramadan | Shawwal | Dhu'l-Qa'da | Dhu'l-Hijja |
رَمَضَان (ramaḍān) | شَوَّال (šawwāl) | ذُو الْقَعْدَة (ḏū l-qaʕda) | ذُو الْحِجَّة (ḏū l-ḥijja) |
- أَيْلُول (ʔaylūl)
- سِبْتِمْبِر (sibtimbir), سِبْتَمْبِر (sibtambir), سَبْتَمْبَر (sabtambar)
- تَقْوِيم هِجْرِيّ (taqwīm hijriyy)
Derived terms edit
- رَمَضَانِيّ (ramaḍāniyy)
Descendants edit
- Maltese: Randan (“Lent”)
- → Catalan: ramadà
- → Classical Persian: رَمَضَان (ramazān), رمضون (ramezun, ramzun) (see there for further descendants)
- → English: Ramadan
- → French: ramadan
- → Maguindanao: Ramedlan, Ramadlan
- → Malay: Ramadan, Ramadhan
- → Malayalam: റമദാൻ (ṟamadāṉ), റമലാൻ (ṟamalāṉ)
- → Maltese: Ramadan (“Ramadan”)
- → Maranao: Ramadan
- → Ottoman Turkish: رَمَضَان (ramazân) (see there for further descendants)
- → Tamil: ரமலான் (ramalāṉ, “Ramadan”), ரமதான் (ramatāṉ)
Malay edit
Etymology edit
From Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
رمضان (Rumi spelling Ramadan)
- The ninth month in the Hijri calendar; fasting month.
- Synonyms: بولن ڤواسا (bulan puasa), راملن (ramalan)
Coordinate terms edit
- (Islamic calendar months) Islamic calendar month; Muharam, Safar, Rabiulawal, Rabiulakhir, Jamadilawal, Jamadilakhir, Rejab, Syaaban, Ramadan, Syawal, Zulkaedah, Zulhijah (Category: ms:Islamic months)
Derived terms edit
Ottoman Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).
Noun edit
رمضان • (ramazân)
Descendants edit
Persian edit
Alternative forms edit
- رمضون (ramezun, ramzun) (colloquial)
Etymology edit
From Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ɾa.ma.ˈzɑːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ɹæ.mæ.zɒ́ːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ɾä.mä.zɔ́n]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ramazān |
Dari reading? | ramazān |
Iranian reading? | ramazân |
Tajik reading? | ramazon |
Noun edit
Dari | رمضان |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | рамазон |
رمضان • (ramazân, ramzân)
Coordinate terms edit
- (Islamic calendar months) تقویم هجری قمری; محرم, صفر, ربیعالاول, ربیعالثانی, جمادیالاول, جمادیالثانی, رجب, شعبان, رمضان, شوال, ذیالقعده, ذیالحجه (Category: fa:Islamic months)
Proper noun edit
رمضان • (ramzân)
- a male given name, Ramazan
Descendants edit
- → Assamese: ৰমজান (romzan)
- → Bengali: রমজান (romjan)
- → Gujarati: રમજાન (ramjān)
- → Hindustani:
- → Marathi: रमजान (ramjān)
- → Odia: ରମଜାନ (rômôjanô)
- → Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਰਮਜ਼ਾਨ (ramzān)
- Shahmukhi script: رَمضان (ramẓān)(Please either change this template to {{desc}} or insert a ====Descendants==== section in رمضان#Punjabi)
- → Sylheti: ꠞꠝꠎꠣꠘ (romzan)
Punjabi edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian رمضان (ramazān), from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān). First attested as Old Punjabi ਰਮਦਾਨਾ (ramadānā).
Noun edit
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian رمضان (ramazân), from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɾə.mə.zɑːn/
- (common) IPA(key): /ɾəm.zɑːn/
Audio (PK) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑːn
- Hyphenation: رَم‧ضان
Noun edit
رَمْضان or رَمَضان • (ramẓān or ramaẓān) m (Hindi spelling रमज़ान)
Proper noun edit
رَمْضان • (ramẓān) m (Hindi spelling रमज़ान)
- a male given name, Ramzan or Ramazan, from Arabic
See also edit
Muharram | Safar | Rabi I | Rabi II |
محرم (muḥarram) | صفر (ṣafar) | ربیع الاول (rabīʻ ul-avval) | ربیع الثانی (rabīʻ us-s̱ānī) |
Jumada I | Jumada II | Rajab | Sha'ban |
جمادی الاول (jamādī ul-avval) | جمادی الثانی (jamādī us-s̱ānī) | رجب (rajab) | شعبان (śaʻbān) |
Ramadan | Shawwal | Dhu'l-Qa'da | Dhu'l-Hijja |
رمضان (ramaẓān) | شوال (shavāl) | ذو القعدہ (ẕu-l qaʻdah) | ذو الحجہ (ẕu-l ḥijja) |
Descendants edit
- → Kannada: ರಮ್ಜಾನ್ (ramjān), ರಂಜಾನ್ (rañjān)
- → Malayalam: റംസാൻ (ṟaṁsāṉ)
- → Tamil: ரம்சான் (ramcāṉ), ரம்ஜான் (ramjāṉ)
- → Telugu: రమ్జాన్ (ramjān), రంజాన్ (rañjān)
Further reading edit
- “رمضان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “رمضان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “رمضان”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884), “رمضان”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.