زند

See also: رند

Arabic

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (zng /⁠zang⁠/, “ankle, shank”).

Noun

زَنْد • (zand) m (plural زِنَاد (zinād) or أَزْنُد (ʔaznud) or أَزْنَاد (ʔaznād)) (countable)

1. a combustible typically wooden rod for making fire through friction (as in drilling)

   قَدَحَ بِزَنْدٍ نَارًا فِي اللَّيْلِ ― qadaḥa bizandin nāran fī l-layli ― He kindled with a rod a fire in the night.

   Synonyms: مِقْدَاح (miqdāḥ), زِنَاد (zinād)

   • (Can we date this quote?), السيرة النبوية لابن هشام [Ibn Hišām's Chronicle of the Life of the Prophet]:

     وَأُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِكِنَانَةَ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، وَكَانَ عِنْدَهُ كَنْزُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْهُ. فَجَحَدَ أَنْ يَكُونَ يَعْرِفُ مَكَانَهُ ، فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - رَجُلٌ مِنْ يَهُودَ ، فَقَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : إنِّي رَأَيْتُ كِنَانَةَ يُطِيفُ بِهَذِهِ الْخَرِبَةِ كُلَّ غَدَاةٍ ؛ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لِكِنَانَةَ : أَرَأَيْتُ إنْ وَجَدْنَاهُ عِنْدَكَ ، أَأَقْتُلُكَ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ .
     فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِالْخَرِبَةِ فَحُفِرَتْ ، فَأَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا بَعْضَ كَنْزِهِمْ ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ عَمَّا بَقِيَ ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَهُ ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ ، فَقَالَ : عَذِّبْهُ حَتَّى تَسْتَأْصِلَ مَا عِنْدَهُ فَكَانَ الزُّبَيْرُ يَقْدَحُ بِزَنْدٍ فِي صَدْرِهِ ، حَتَّى أَشْرَفَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ ، ثُمَّ دَفَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ ، فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ بِأَخِيهِ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ .

     waʔutiya rasūlu l-lahi - ṣallā l-lahu ʕalayhi wasallama - bikinānata bni r-rabīʕi, wakāna ʕindahu kanzu banī n-naḍīri, fasaʔalahu ʕanhu. fajaḥada ʔan yakūna yaʕrifu makānahu , faʔatā rasūla l-lahi - ṣallā l-lahu ʕalayhi wasallama - rajulun min yahūda , faqāla lirasūli l-lahi - ṣallā l-lahu ʕalayhi wasallama - : ʔinnī raʔaytu kinānata yuṭīfu bihaḏihi l-ḵaribati kulla ḡadātin ; faqāla rasūlu l-lahi - ṣallā l-lahu ʕalayhi wasallama - likinānata : ʔaraʔaytu ʔin wajadnāhu ʕindaka , ʔaʔaqtuluka ? qāla : naʕam .
     faʔamara rasūlu l-lahi - ṣallā l-lahu ʕalayhi wasallama - bi-l-ḵaribati faḥufirat , faʔaḵraja minhā baʕḍa kanzihim , ṯumma saʔalahu ʕammā baqiya , faʔabā ʔan yuʔaddiyahu , faʔamara bihi rasūlu l-lahi - ṣallā l-lahu ʕalayhi wasallama - az-zubayra bna l-ʕawwāmi , faqāla : ʕaḏḏibhu ḥattā tastaʔṣila mā ʕindahu fakāna z-zubayru yaqdaḥu bizandin fī ṣadrihi , ḥattā ʔašrafa ʕalā nafsihi , ṯumma dafaʕahu rasūlu l-lahi - ṣallā l-lahu ʕalayhi wasallama - ʔilā muḥammadi bni maslamata , faḍaraba ʕunuqahu biʔaḵīhi maḥmūdi bni maslamata .

     Then the Prophet of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—brought Kinānah ibn al-Rabīʿ, who had the treasures of Banū al-Naḍīr, and he [the Prophet] asked him about it. Yet he [Kinānah] denied that he knew where it was. Then a man from the Jews came to the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and he [the man] said to him, "I saw Kinānah ambling around some ruins every dayspring. Thus, the Prophet of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said to Kinānah, "What would you say if we did find it with you? Should I then kill you?" So he [Kinānah] said, "Yes!"
     Thus, the Prophet of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—ordered that the ruins be dug, and brought out some of their treasures. Then he [the Prophet] asked him [Kinānah] about the remainder, yet he [Kinānah] refused to hand it over. Thereafter, the Prophet of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—called al-Zubayr ibn al-ʿAwwām and said to him, "Torture him till you get it out of him!" And so al-Zubayr would sear and brand him with a [fiery] rod in his chest until he was about to kill him. Then the Prophet of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—passed him [Kinānah] to Muḥammad ibn Maslamah, and he [Muḥammad ibn Maslamah] struck his neck, avenging his brother, Maḥmūd ibn Maslamah.
     

   1. the trigger of a gun with which it is fired

      دَاسَ عَلَى ٱلزَّنْدِ فَقَتَلَهُمَا ― dāsa ʕalā z-zandi faqatalahumā ― He squeezed the trigger and killed them both.

      دَقَّ ٱلزَّنْدَ وَأَطْلَقَ النَّار. ― daqqa z-zanda waʔaṭlaqa n-nār. ― He pulled the trigger and discharged the gun.

2. (anatomy, of primates, obsolete) either of the two bones of the forearm, the ulna or the radius

   Synonym: زَانِد (zānid)

3. (anatomy, of primates, modern) the comparatively longer and thinner long bone of the two bones in the forearm that is connected with the carpus at the wrist joint and with the humerus at the elbow joint, the ulna

   Coordinate term: كُعْبُرَة (kuʕbura, “the comparatively thicker long bone in the forearm that articulates with the scaphoid in the carpus, the radius”)

Usage notes

• زَنْد (zand) is a singular noun, while زِنَاد (zinād) is either the plural of زَنْد (zand) (on the pattern of such plurals as حِبَال (ḥibāl, “ropes”)) or a singular with the plural أَزْنِدَة (ʔaznida) (similarly to the pluralization of such singulars as وِعَاء (wiʕāʔ, “a container; a vessel”)). Either may be employed to mean "a fire-making rod" or, by extension, "a trigger", though زِنَاد (zinād) is far more common in the latter sense.
• The ulna and radius are often not lexically distinguished in medieval texts. The Modern Arabic scientific vocabulary, however, reserves زَنْد (zand) for the thinner bone (the ulna).

Declension

Declension of noun زَنْد (zand)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَنْد zand	الزَّنْد az-zand	زَنْد zand
Nominative	زَنْدٌ zandun	الزَّنْدُ az-zandu	زَنْدُ zandu
Accusative	زَنْدًا zandan	الزَّنْدَ az-zanda	زَنْدَ zanda
Genitive	زَنْدٍ zandin	الزَّنْدِ az-zandi	زَنْدِ zandi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَنْدَيْن zandayn	الزَّنْدَيْن az-zandayn	زَنْدَيْ zanday
Nominative	زَنْدَانِ zandāni	الزَّنْدَانِ az-zandāni	زَنْدَا zandā
Accusative	زَنْدَيْنِ zandayni	الزَّنْدَيْنِ az-zandayni	زَنْدَيْ zanday
Genitive	زَنْدَيْنِ zandayni	الزَّنْدَيْنِ az-zandayni	زَنْدَيْ zanday
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زِنَاد‎; أَزْنُد‎; أَزْنَاد zinād‎; ʔaznud‎; ʔaznād	الزِّنَاد‎; الْأَزْنُد‎; الْأَزْنَاد az-zinād‎; al-ʔaznud‎; al-ʔaznād	زِنَاد‎; أَزْنُد‎; أَزْنَاد zinād‎; ʔaznud‎; ʔaznād
Nominative	زِنَادٌ‎; أَزْنُدٌ‎; أَزْنَادٌ zinādun‎; ʔaznudun‎; ʔaznādun	الزِّنَادُ‎; الْأَزْنُدُ‎; الْأَزْنَادُ az-zinādu‎; al-ʔaznudu‎; al-ʔaznādu	زِنَادُ‎; أَزْنُدُ‎; أَزْنَادُ zinādu‎; ʔaznudu‎; ʔaznādu
Accusative	زِنَادًا‎; أَزْنُدًا‎; أَزْنَادًا zinādan‎; ʔaznudan‎; ʔaznādan	الزِّنَادَ‎; الْأَزْنُدَ‎; الْأَزْنَادَ az-zināda‎; al-ʔaznuda‎; al-ʔaznāda	زِنَادَ‎; أَزْنُدَ‎; أَزْنَادَ zināda‎; ʔaznuda‎; ʔaznāda
Genitive	زِنَادٍ‎; أَزْنُدٍ‎; أَزْنَادٍ zinādin‎; ʔaznudin‎; ʔaznādin	الزِّنَادِ‎; الْأَزْنُدِ‎; الْأَزْنَادِ az-zinādi‎; al-ʔaznudi‎; al-ʔaznādi	زِنَادِ‎; أَزْنُدِ‎; أَزْنَادِ zinādi‎; ʔaznudi‎; ʔaznādi

Persian

Etymology 1

Reborrowed from Arabic زَنْد (zand), from Middle Persian [script needed] (zng /⁠zang⁠/, “ankle, shank”). Cognate with English shank.

Noun

زند • (zand)

1. forearm bone

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle Persian znd (zand, “understanding, explanation, commentary”), from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (zainti, “understanding”), from Avestan verbal root Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬥- (zan-, “to know, to understand”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-ti-. Cognate with Ancient Greek γνῶσις (gnôsis).

Noun

زند • (zand)

1. exegesis, interpretation

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “zang”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
• Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864) “زند”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume II, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 150

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic زَنْد (zand).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zind/, [zɪnd]

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

Noun

زند • (zind) m

1. wrist
2. forearm