سابق
Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Morphologically from the root س ب ق (s-b-q).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
سَابِق • (sābiq) (feminine سَابِقَة (sābiqa), masculine plural سَابِقُون (sābiqūn) or سُبَّاق (subbāq), feminine plural سَابِقَات (sābiqāt) or سَوَابِق (sawābiq), elative أَسْبَق (ʔasbaq))[1]
- previous, preceding, prior
- حَلْقةُ البَرْنامَجِ السابِقةُ ― ḥalqatu l-barnāmaji s-sābiqatu ― the program’s previous episode
- former
- الرَئِيسُ السابِقُ ― ar-raʔīsu s-sābiqu ― the former president
- active participle of سَبَقَ (sabaqa).
Usage notes edit
- In certain expressions, the adjective is commonly prepositioned in a genitive construction, e.g. دُونَ سابِقِ إنْذارٍ (dūna sābiqi ʔinḏārin, “without prior warning”), دُونَ سابِقِ مَعْرِفةٍ (dūna sābiqi maʕrifatin, “without prior knowledge”).
Declension edit
Declension of adjective سَابِق (sābiq)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | سَابِق sābiq |
السَّابِق as-sābiq |
سَابِقَة sābiqa |
السَّابِقَة as-sābiqa |
Nominative | سَابِقٌ sābiqun |
السَّابِقُ as-sābiqu |
سَابِقَةٌ sābiqatun |
السَّابِقَةُ as-sābiqatu |
Accusative | سَابِقًا sābiqan |
السَّابِقَ as-sābiqa |
سَابِقَةً sābiqatan |
السَّابِقَةَ as-sābiqata |
Genitive | سَابِقٍ sābiqin |
السَّابِقِ as-sābiqi |
سَابِقَةٍ sābiqatin |
السَّابِقَةِ as-sābiqati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | سَابِقَيْن sābiqayn |
السَّابِقَيْن as-sābiqayn |
سَابِقَتَيْن sābiqatayn |
السَّابِقَتَيْن as-sābiqatayn |
Nominative | سَابِقَانِ sābiqāni |
السَّابِقَانِ as-sābiqāni |
سَابِقَتَانِ sābiqatāni |
السَّابِقَتَانِ as-sābiqatāni |
Accusative | سَابِقَيْنِ sābiqayni |
السَّابِقَيْنِ as-sābiqayni |
سَابِقَتَيْنِ sābiqatayni |
السَّابِقَتَيْنِ as-sābiqatayni |
Genitive | سَابِقَيْنِ sābiqayni |
السَّابِقَيْنِ as-sābiqayni |
سَابِقَتَيْنِ sābiqatayni |
السَّابِقَتَيْنِ as-sābiqatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
sound masculine plural; basic broken plural triptote | sound feminine plural; basic broken plural diptote | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | سَابِقِين; سُبَّاق sābiqīn; subbāq |
السَّابِقِين; السُّبَّاق as-sābiqīn; as-subbāq |
سَابِقَات; سَوَابِق sābiqāt; sawābiq |
السَّابِقَات; السَّوَابِق as-sābiqāt; as-sawābiq |
Nominative | سَابِقُونَ; سُبَّاقٌ sābiqūna; subbāqun |
السَّابِقُونَ; السُّبَّاقُ as-sābiqūna; as-subbāqu |
سَابِقَاتٌ; سَوَابِقُ sābiqātun; sawābiqu |
السَّابِقَاتُ; السَّوَابِقُ as-sābiqātu; as-sawābiqu |
Accusative | سَابِقِينَ; سُبَّاقًا sābiqīna; subbāqan |
السَّابِقِينَ; السُّبَّاقَ as-sābiqīna; as-subbāqa |
سَابِقَاتٍ; سَوَابِقَ sābiqātin; sawābiqa |
السَّابِقَاتِ; السَّوَابِقَ as-sābiqāti; as-sawābiqa |
Genitive | سَابِقِينَ; سُبَّاقٍ sābiqīna; subbāqin |
السَّابِقِينَ; السُّبَّاقِ as-sābiqīna; as-subbāqi |
سَابِقَاتٍ; سَوَابِقَ sābiqātin; sawābiqa |
السَّابِقَاتِ; السَّوَابِقِ as-sābiqāti; as-sawābiqi |
Antonyms edit
Descendants edit
Verb edit
سَابَقَ • (sābaqa) III, non-past يُسَابِقُ (yusābiqu)
- to race
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of
سَابَقَ
(form-III sound)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
سِبَاق or مُسَابَقَة sibāq or musābaqa | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
musābiq | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
musābaq | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | sābaqtu |
sābaqta |
سَابَقَ sābaqa |
sābaqtumā |
sābaqā |
sābaqnā |
sābaqtum |
sābaqū | |||
f | sābaqti |
sābaqat |
sābaqatā |
sābaqtunna |
sābaqna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔusābiqu |
tusābiqu |
yusābiqu |
tusābiqāni |
yusābiqāni |
nusābiqu |
tusābiqūna |
yusābiqūna | |||
f | tusābiqīna |
tusābiqu |
tusābiqāni |
tusābiqna |
yusābiqna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔusābiqa |
tusābiqa |
yusābiqa |
tusābiqā |
yusābiqā |
nusābiqa |
tusābiqū |
yusābiqū | |||
f | tusābiqī |
tusābiqa |
tusābiqā |
tusābiqna |
yusābiqna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔusābiq |
tusābiq |
yusābiq |
tusābiqā |
yusābiqā |
nusābiq |
tusābiqū |
yusābiqū | |||
f | tusābiqī |
tusābiq |
tusābiqā |
tusābiqna |
yusābiqna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | سَابِقْ sābiq |
sābiqā |
sābiqū |
||||||||
f | sābiqī |
sābiqna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | sūbiqtu |
sūbiqta |
sūbiqa |
sūbiqtumā |
sūbiqā |
sūbiqnā |
sūbiqtum |
sūbiqū | |||
f | sūbiqti |
sūbiqat |
sūbiqatā |
sūbiqtunna |
sūbiqna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔusābaqu |
tusābaqu |
yusābaqu |
tusābaqāni |
yusābaqāni |
nusābaqu |
tusābaqūna |
yusābaqūna | |||
f | tusābaqīna |
tusābaqu |
tusābaqāni |
tusābaqna |
yusābaqna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔusābaqa |
tusābaqa |
yusābaqa |
tusābaqā |
yusābaqā |
nusābaqa |
tusābaqū |
yusābaqū | |||
f | tusābaqī |
tusābaqa |
tusābaqā |
tusābaqna |
yusābaqna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔusābaq |
tusābaq |
yusābaq |
tusābaqā |
yusābaqā |
nusābaq |
tusābaqū |
yusābaqū | |||
f | tusābaqī |
tusābaq |
tusābaqā |
tusābaqna |
yusābaqna |
References edit
- ^ Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سابق”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[1], London: W.H. Allen.
Hijazi Arabic edit
Root |
---|
س ب ق |
3 terms |
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
سابق • (sābag) III (non-past يِسابق (yisābig))
- to race
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of سابق (sābag) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | سابقت (sābagt) | سابقت (sābagt) | سابق (sābag) | سابقنا (sābagna) | سابقتوا (sābagtu) | سابقوا (sābagu) | |
f | سابقتي (sābagti) | سابقت (sābagat) | ||||||
non-past | m | أسابق (ʔasābig) | تسابق (tisābig) | يسابق (yisābig) | نسابق (nisābig) | تسابقوا (tisābgu) | يسابقوا (yisābgu) | |
f | تسابقي (tisābgi) | تسابق (tisābig) | ||||||
imperative | m | سابق (sābig) | سابقوا (sābgu) | |||||
f | سابقي (sābgi) |
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
سابق • (sābig) (feminine سابْقة (sābga), common plural سابْقين (sabgīn))
Persian edit
Dari | سابق |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | собиқ |
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [sɑː.ˈβiq]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [sɒː.béɢ̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [sɔ.bíq]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | sāḇiq |
Dari reading? | sābiq |
Iranian reading? | sâbeğ |
Tajik reading? | sobiq |
Adjective edit
سابق • (sâbeq)
Descendants edit
South Levantine Arabic edit
Root |
---|
س ب ق |
2 terms |
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): (Urban) /saː.baʔ/, [ˈsæː.baʔ]
- IPA(key): (Bedouin) /saː.baɡ/, [ˈsæː.baɡ]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)
Verb edit
سابق • (sābaʔ) III (present بسابق (bisābeʔ))
- to race
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of سابق (sābaʔ) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | سابقت (sābaʔt) | سابقت (sābaʔt) | سابق (sābaʔ) | سابقنا (sābaʔna) | سابقتو (sābaʔtu) | سابقو (sābaʔu) | |
f | سابقتي (sābaʔti) | سابقت (sābaʔat) | ||||||
present | m | بسابق (basābeʔ) | بتسابق (bitsābeʔ) | بسابق (bisābeʔ) | منسابق (minsābeʔ) | بتسابقو (bitsābʔu) | بسابقو (bisābʔu) | |
f | بتسابقي (bitsābʔi) | بتسابق (bitsābeʔ) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | اسابق (asābeʔ) | تسابق (tsābeʔ) | يسابق (ysābeʔ) | نسابق (nsābeʔ) | تسابقو (tsābʔu) | يسابقو (ysābʔu) | |
f | تسابقي (tsābʔi) | تسابق (tsābeʔ) | ||||||
imperative | m | سابق (sābeʔ) | سابقو (sābʔu) | |||||
f | سابقي (sābʔi) |
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian سابق (sābiq), from Arabic سَابِق (sābiq).
Adjective edit
سابق • (sābiq) (Hindi spelling साबिक़)