صندل

Arabic edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Persian cndl (čandal), likely from Gandhari 𐨕𐨎𐨡𐨣 (caṃdana), from Sanskrit चन्दन (candana).

Noun edit

صَنْدَل • (ṣandal) m (plural صَنَادِل (ṣanādil))

sandalwood

Declension edit

Declension of noun صَنْدَل (ṣandal)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَنْدَل ṣandal	الصَّنْدَل aṣ-ṣandal	صَنْدَل ṣandal
Nominative	صَنْدَلٌ ṣandalun	الصَّنْدَلُ aṣ-ṣandalu	صَنْدَلُ ṣandalu
Accusative	صَنْدَلًا ṣandalan	الصَّنْدَلَ aṣ-ṣandala	صَنْدَلَ ṣandala
Genitive	صَنْدَلٍ ṣandalin	الصَّنْدَلِ aṣ-ṣandali	صَنْدَلِ ṣandali
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَنْدَلَيْن ṣandalayn	الصَّنْدَلَيْن aṣ-ṣandalayn	صَنْدَلَيْ ṣandalay
Nominative	صَنْدَلَانِ ṣandalāni	الصَّنْدَلَانِ aṣ-ṣandalāni	صَنْدَلَا ṣandalā
Accusative	صَنْدَلَيْنِ ṣandalayni	الصَّنْدَلَيْنِ aṣ-ṣandalayni	صَنْدَلَيْ ṣandalay
Genitive	صَنْدَلَيْنِ ṣandalayni	الصَّنْدَلَيْنِ aṣ-ṣandalayni	صَنْدَلَيْ ṣandalay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَنَادِل ṣanādil	الصَّنَادِل aṣ-ṣanādil	صَنَادِل ṣanādil
Nominative	صَنَادِلُ ṣanādilu	الصَّنَادِلُ aṣ-ṣanādilu	صَنَادِلُ ṣanādilu
Accusative	صَنَادِلَ ṣanādila	الصَّنَادِلَ aṣ-ṣanādila	صَنَادِلَ ṣanādila
Genitive	صَنَادِلَ ṣanādila	الصَّنَادِلِ aṣ-ṣanādili	صَنَادِلِ ṣanādili

Derived terms edit

صَنْدَلِيَّة (ṣandaliyya, “sandalwood oil”)
صَنْدَلِيَّات (ṣandaliyyāt, “Santalales”)

Descendants edit

Descendants

→ Byzantine Greek: σάνδανον (sándanon), σάνταλον (sántalon)
- Greek: σάνταλο (sántalo)
- → Medieval Latin: sandalum, santalum
  - → English: sandal
  - → French: santal, sandal
    - → English: santal
    - → Czech: santál, santal, sandál
  - → Italian: sandalo
    - → German: Sandel
  - → New Latin: Santalum
  - → Portuguese: sândalo
  - → Spanish: sándalo
- → Old East Slavic: сандалъ (sandalŭ)
  - Russian: санда́л (sandál), санта́л (santál)
→ Middle Armenian: սանտալ (santal), սանդալ (sandal)
→ Persian: صندل (sandal)
- → Hindustani:
  Hindi: संदल (sandal)
  Urdu: صندل (sandal)
- → Ottoman Turkish: صندل (sendel), سندل (sendel)
  - Turkish: sandal
- → Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਸੰਦਲ (sandal)
  Shahmukhi script: صندل (sandal)
→ Swahili: sandali

Etymology 2 edit

A vessel already known to the Ṭūlūnids from Byzantine Greek σανδάλιον (sandálion) having both the ship and the shoe sense, diminutive of σάνδαλον (sándalon).

Noun edit

صَنْدَل • (ṣandal) m (plural صَنَادِل (ṣanādil))

sandals
barge, lighter, freight barge, sandal

Declension edit

Declension of noun صَنْدَل (ṣandal)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَنْدَل ṣandal	الصَّنْدَل aṣ-ṣandal	صَنْدَل ṣandal
Nominative	صَنْدَلٌ ṣandalun	الصَّنْدَلُ aṣ-ṣandalu	صَنْدَلُ ṣandalu
Accusative	صَنْدَلًا ṣandalan	الصَّنْدَلَ aṣ-ṣandala	صَنْدَلَ ṣandala
Genitive	صَنْدَلٍ ṣandalin	الصَّنْدَلِ aṣ-ṣandali	صَنْدَلِ ṣandali
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَنْدَلَيْن ṣandalayn	الصَّنْدَلَيْن aṣ-ṣandalayn	صَنْدَلَيْ ṣandalay
Nominative	صَنْدَلَانِ ṣandalāni	الصَّنْدَلَانِ aṣ-ṣandalāni	صَنْدَلَا ṣandalā
Accusative	صَنْدَلَيْنِ ṣandalayni	الصَّنْدَلَيْنِ aṣ-ṣandalayni	صَنْدَلَيْ ṣandalay
Genitive	صَنْدَلَيْنِ ṣandalayni	الصَّنْدَلَيْنِ aṣ-ṣandalayni	صَنْدَلَيْ ṣandalay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَنَادِل ṣanādil	الصَّنَادِل aṣ-ṣanādil	صَنَادِل ṣanādil
Nominative	صَنَادِلُ ṣanādilu	الصَّنَادِلُ aṣ-ṣanādilu	صَنَادِلُ ṣanādilu
Accusative	صَنَادِلَ ṣanādila	الصَّنَادِلَ aṣ-ṣanādila	صَنَادِلَ ṣanādila
Genitive	صَنَادِلَ ṣanādila	الصَّنَادِلِ aṣ-ṣanādili	صَنَادِلِ ṣanādili

References edit

Agius, Dionisius A. (2008) Classic Ships of Islam. From Mesopotamia to the Indian Ocean (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 92), Leiden: Brill, page 306
Bramoullé, David (2019) Les Fatimides et la mer (909–1171) (Islamic History and Civilization: Studies and Texts; 165)‎^[1] (in French), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 295
Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “صندل”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[2] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 846

Moroccan Arabic edit

Alternative forms edit

صندالة (ṣandāla)

Etymology edit

From Arabic صَنْدَل (ṣandal).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /sˤan.dal/

Noun edit

صندل • (ṣandal) m (plural صنادل (ṣnadil))

sandal

Persian edit

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [san.ˈdal]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sän̪.d̪ǽl]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sän̪.d̪ǽl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [sän̪.d̪ǽl̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæn̪.d̪ǽl̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [sän̪.d̪ǽl]

Readings
Classical reading^?	sandal
Dari reading^?	sandal
Iranian reading^?	sandal
Tajik reading^?	sandal

Etymology 1 edit

From Arabic صَنْدَل (ṣandal), from Middle Persian cndl (čandal), from Sanskrit चन्दन (candana).

Alternative forms edit

چندل (čandal), چندن (čandan) (inherited from Middle Persian)

Noun edit

صندل • (sandal)

sandalwood

Descendants edit

→ Hindustani:
Hindi: संदल (sandal)

Urdu: صندل (sandal)
→ Ottoman Turkish: صندل (sendel), سندل (sendel)
- Turkish: sandal
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਸੰਦਲ (sandal)

Shahmukhi script: صندل (sandal)

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit


Dari	چپلک، چپلی
Iranian Persian	صندل
Tajik	сандал, шиппак

صندل • (sandal)

sandal, a kind of slipper

Etymology 3 edit

Noun edit

صندل • (sandal)

a small boat employed in carrying fresh water and victuals to ships lying at a distance from shore, a bumboat

References edit

Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “صندل”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul