عطر
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
Root |
---|
ع ط ر (ʕ-ṭ-r) |
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
عِطْر • (ʕiṭr) m (plural عُطُور (ʕuṭūr) or عُطُورَات (ʕuṭūrāt))
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | عِطْر ʕiṭr |
الْعِطْر al-ʕiṭr |
عِطْر ʕiṭr |
Nominative | عِطْرٌ ʕiṭrun |
الْعِطْرُ al-ʕiṭru |
عِطْرُ ʕiṭru |
Accusative | عِطْرًا ʕiṭran |
الْعِطْرَ al-ʕiṭra |
عِطْرَ ʕiṭra |
Genitive | عِطْرٍ ʕiṭrin |
الْعِطْرِ al-ʕiṭri |
عِطْرِ ʕiṭri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | عِطْرَيْن ʕiṭrayn |
الْعِطْرَيْن al-ʕiṭrayn |
عِطْرَيْ ʕiṭray |
Nominative | عِطْرَانِ ʕiṭrāni |
الْعِطْرَانِ al-ʕiṭrāni |
عِطْرَا ʕiṭrā |
Accusative | عِطْرَيْنِ ʕiṭrayni |
الْعِطْرَيْنِ al-ʕiṭrayni |
عِطْرَيْ ʕiṭray |
Genitive | عِطْرَيْنِ ʕiṭrayni |
الْعِطْرَيْنِ al-ʕiṭrayni |
عِطْرَيْ ʕiṭray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote; sound feminine plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | عُطُور; عُطُورَات ʕuṭūr; ʕuṭūrāt |
الْعُطُور; الْعُطُورَات al-ʕuṭūr; al-ʕuṭūrāt |
عُطُور; عُطُورَات ʕuṭūr; ʕuṭūrāt |
Nominative | عُطُورٌ; عُطُورَاتٌ ʕuṭūrun; ʕuṭūrātun |
الْعُطُورُ; الْعُطُورَاتُ al-ʕuṭūru; al-ʕuṭūrātu |
عُطُورُ; عُطُورَاتُ ʕuṭūru; ʕuṭūrātu |
Accusative | عُطُورًا; عُطُورَاتٍ ʕuṭūran; ʕuṭūrātin |
الْعُطُورَ; الْعُطُورَاتِ al-ʕuṭūra; al-ʕuṭūrāti |
عُطُورَ; عُطُورَاتِ ʕuṭūra; ʕuṭūrāti |
Genitive | عُطُورٍ; عُطُورَاتٍ ʕuṭūrin; ʕuṭūrātin |
الْعُطُورِ; الْعُطُورَاتِ al-ʕuṭūri; al-ʕuṭūrāti |
عُطُورِ; عُطُورَاتِ ʕuṭūri; ʕuṭūrāti |
Descendants edit
- Gulf Arabic: عطر (ʕiṭir)
- Hijazi Arabic: عطر (ʕiṭir)
- → Azerbaijani: ətir
- → Ottoman Turkish: عطر (itr)
- Turkish: ıtır
- → Classical Persian: عطر ('itr) (see there for further descendants)
- → Uzbek: atir
Etymology 2 edit
Denominal verb from عِطْر (ʕiṭr, “perfume”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
عَطَّرَ • (ʕaṭṭara) II, non-past يُعَطِّرُ (yuʕaṭṭiru)
- to perfume
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
taʕṭīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
muʕaṭṭir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
muʕaṭṭar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕaṭṭartu |
ʕaṭṭarta |
عَطَّرَ ʕaṭṭara |
ʕaṭṭartumā |
ʕaṭṭarā |
ʕaṭṭarnā |
ʕaṭṭartum |
ʕaṭṭarū | |||
f | ʕaṭṭarti |
ʕaṭṭarat |
ʕaṭṭaratā |
ʕaṭṭartunna |
ʕaṭṭarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕaṭṭiru |
tuʕaṭṭiru |
yuʕaṭṭiru |
tuʕaṭṭirāni |
yuʕaṭṭirāni |
nuʕaṭṭiru |
tuʕaṭṭirūna |
yuʕaṭṭirūna | |||
f | tuʕaṭṭirīna |
tuʕaṭṭiru |
tuʕaṭṭirāni |
tuʕaṭṭirna |
yuʕaṭṭirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕaṭṭira |
tuʕaṭṭira |
yuʕaṭṭira |
tuʕaṭṭirā |
yuʕaṭṭirā |
nuʕaṭṭira |
tuʕaṭṭirū |
yuʕaṭṭirū | |||
f | tuʕaṭṭirī |
tuʕaṭṭira |
tuʕaṭṭirā |
tuʕaṭṭirna |
yuʕaṭṭirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕaṭṭir |
tuʕaṭṭir |
yuʕaṭṭir |
tuʕaṭṭirā |
yuʕaṭṭirā |
nuʕaṭṭir |
tuʕaṭṭirū |
yuʕaṭṭirū | |||
f | tuʕaṭṭirī |
tuʕaṭṭir |
tuʕaṭṭirā |
tuʕaṭṭirna |
yuʕaṭṭirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | عَطِّرْ ʕaṭṭir |
ʕaṭṭirā |
ʕaṭṭirū |
||||||||
f | ʕaṭṭirī |
ʕaṭṭirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕuṭṭirtu |
ʕuṭṭirta |
عُطِّرَ ʕuṭṭira |
ʕuṭṭirtumā |
ʕuṭṭirā |
ʕuṭṭirnā |
ʕuṭṭirtum |
ʕuṭṭirū | |||
f | ʕuṭṭirti |
ʕuṭṭirat |
ʕuṭṭiratā |
ʕuṭṭirtunna |
ʕuṭṭirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕaṭṭaru |
tuʕaṭṭaru |
yuʕaṭṭaru |
tuʕaṭṭarāni |
yuʕaṭṭarāni |
nuʕaṭṭaru |
tuʕaṭṭarūna |
yuʕaṭṭarūna | |||
f | tuʕaṭṭarīna |
tuʕaṭṭaru |
tuʕaṭṭarāni |
tuʕaṭṭarna |
yuʕaṭṭarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕaṭṭara |
tuʕaṭṭara |
yuʕaṭṭara |
tuʕaṭṭarā |
yuʕaṭṭarā |
nuʕaṭṭara |
tuʕaṭṭarū |
yuʕaṭṭarū | |||
f | tuʕaṭṭarī |
tuʕaṭṭara |
tuʕaṭṭarā |
tuʕaṭṭarna |
yuʕaṭṭarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕaṭṭar |
tuʕaṭṭar |
yuʕaṭṭar |
tuʕaṭṭarā |
yuʕaṭṭarā |
nuʕaṭṭar |
tuʕaṭṭarū |
yuʕaṭṭarū | |||
f | tuʕaṭṭarī |
tuʕaṭṭar |
tuʕaṭṭarā |
tuʕaṭṭarna |
yuʕaṭṭarna |
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
عَطِر • (ʕaṭir)
Declension edit
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | عَطِر ʕaṭir |
الْعَطِر al-ʕaṭir |
عَطِرَة ʕaṭira |
الْعَطِرَة al-ʕaṭira |
Nominative | عَطِرٌ ʕaṭirun |
الْعَطِرُ al-ʕaṭiru |
عَطِرَةٌ ʕaṭiratun |
الْعَطِرَةُ al-ʕaṭiratu |
Accusative | عَطِرًا ʕaṭiran |
الْعَطِرَ al-ʕaṭira |
عَطِرَةً ʕaṭiratan |
الْعَطِرَةَ al-ʕaṭirata |
Genitive | عَطِرٍ ʕaṭirin |
الْعَطِرِ al-ʕaṭiri |
عَطِرَةٍ ʕaṭiratin |
الْعَطِرَةِ al-ʕaṭirati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | عَطِرَيْن ʕaṭirayn |
الْعَطِرَيْن al-ʕaṭirayn |
عَطِرَتَيْن ʕaṭiratayn |
الْعَطِرَتَيْن al-ʕaṭiratayn |
Nominative | عَطِرَانِ ʕaṭirāni |
الْعَطِرَانِ al-ʕaṭirāni |
عَطِرَتَانِ ʕaṭiratāni |
الْعَطِرَتَانِ al-ʕaṭiratāni |
Accusative | عَطِرَيْنِ ʕaṭirayni |
الْعَطِرَيْنِ al-ʕaṭirayni |
عَطِرَتَيْنِ ʕaṭiratayni |
الْعَطِرَتَيْنِ al-ʕaṭiratayni |
Genitive | عَطِرَيْنِ ʕaṭirayni |
الْعَطِرَيْنِ al-ʕaṭirayni |
عَطِرَتَيْنِ ʕaṭiratayni |
الْعَطِرَتَيْنِ al-ʕaṭiratayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
plural unknown | sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | ? ? |
? ? |
عَطِرَات ʕaṭirāt |
الْعَطِرَات al-ʕaṭirāt |
Nominative | ? ? |
? ? |
عَطِرَاتٌ ʕaṭirātun |
الْعَطِرَاتُ al-ʕaṭirātu |
Accusative | ? ? |
? ? |
عَطِرَاتٍ ʕaṭirātin |
الْعَطِرَاتِ al-ʕaṭirāti |
Genitive | ? ? |
? ? |
عَطِرَاتٍ ʕaṭirātin |
الْعَطِرَاتِ al-ʕaṭirāti |
Related terms edit
Egyptian Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
عطر • (ʕiṭr) m (plural عُطور (ʕuṭūr) or عِطُور (ʕiṭūr))
Etymology 2 edit
From Arabic عَطَّرَ (ʕaṭṭara, “to perfume”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
عطر • (ʕaṭṭar) II (non-past يِعَطَّر (yiʕaṭṭar))
- (transitive) to perfume
- عَطَّرت الأُٖوضة
- ʕaṭṭart il-ʔōda
- I perfumed the room
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
عطر • (ʕeṭer) II (non-past يِعْطَر (yiʕṭar))
- (intransitive, with في (“into”), dated) to bump into, to clash with, to cross paths with, to come across
- أنا!؟، دا أنا لو عطرت ف الحرامي ده، دانا هوديه ورا الشمس!
- ʔana!?, da ʔana law ʕeṭert fe l-ḥarāmi da, dana ha-waddīh wara š-šams!
- Me?! If I ever found that swindler, I'd mess him up! (literally "take him behind the sun")
Gojri edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian عطر ('itr), from Arabic عِطْر (ʕiṭr).
Noun edit
عطر (atar) m
Further reading edit
- Dr Rafique Anjum (2018) Concise Gojri-Kashmiri-English Dictionary, New Delhi: Adam Publishers & Distributors, →ISBN, page 310.
Hijazi Arabic edit
Root |
---|
ع ط ر |
1 term |
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
عطر • (ʕiṭir) m (construct state عِطْر (ʕiṭr), plural عُطور (ʕuṭūr) or عطورات (ʕuṭūrāt))
Etymology 2 edit
From Arabic عَطَّر (ʕaṭṭar, “to perfume”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
عطر • (ʕaṭṭar) II (non-past يِعَطِّر (yiʕaṭṭir))
- to perfume
- عَطَّرت الغُرفة
- ʕaṭṭart al-ḡurfa
- I perfumed the room
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of عطر (ʕaṭṭar) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | عطرت (ʕaṭṭart) | عطرت (ʕaṭṭart) | عطر (ʕaṭṭar) | عطرنا (ʕaṭṭarna) | عطرتوا (ʕaṭṭartu) | عطروا (ʕaṭṭaru) | |
f | عطرتي (ʕaṭṭarti) | عطرت (ʕaṭṭarat) | ||||||
non-past | m | أعطر (ʔaʕaṭṭir) | تعطر (tiʕaṭṭir) | يعطر (yiʕaṭṭir) | نعطر (niʕaṭṭir) | تعطروا (tiʕaṭṭiru) | يعطروا (yiʕaṭṭiru) | |
f | تعطري (tiʕaṭṭiri) | تعطر (tiʕaṭṭir) | ||||||
imperative | m | عطر (ʕaṭṭir) | عطروا (ʕaṭṭiru) | |||||
f | عطري (ʕaṭṭiri) |
Ottoman Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic عِطْر (ʕiṭr).
Noun edit
عطر • (ıtr or ıtır)
- perfume
- fragrant plant; rose geranium
Derived terms edit
- عطرجی (ıtırcı)
Descendants edit
- Turkish: ıtır
References edit
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ıtır”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عطر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1306
Persian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic عِطْر (ʕiṭr).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔatɾ], [ʔitɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔæt̪ɹ], [ʔet̪ɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔät̪ɾ], [ʔit̪ɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | atr, itr |
Dari reading? | atr, itr |
Iranian reading? | atr, etr |
Tajik reading? | atr, itr |
Noun edit
Dari | عطر |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | атр, итр |
عطر • ('atr, 'itr)
Descendants edit
- → Assamese: আতৰ (ator)
- → Bengali: আতর (ator)
- → Gojri: عطر (atar)
- → Gujarati: અત્તર (attar)
- → Hindustani: itr
- → Kannada: ಅತ್ತರು (attaru)
- → Kazakh: әтір (ätır)
- → Magahi: 𑂃𑂞𑂩
- → Maithili: atar, ãtar
- → Malayalam: അത്തർ (attaṟ)
- → Malvi: इतर (itar)
- → Marathi: अत्तर (attar)
- → Marwari:
- → Odia: ଅତର (ôtôrô)
- → Punjabi:
- → Tamil: அத்தர் (attar)
- → Telugu: అత్తరు (attaru), అత్తరువు (attaruvu)
- → Sindhi:
- → Varhadi: अत्तर (attar)
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian عطر ('itr), from Arabic عِطْر (ʕiṭr).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /(ʔ)ɪt̪ɾ/
Noun edit
عِطْر • (itr, atr) m (Hindi spelling इत्र)
Further reading edit
- “عطر”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “عطر”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 762
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “عطر”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 436
- “عطر”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.