فرملة

Arabic

Etymology 1

Unknown. It is a word only from the late 19^th century (then also with a variant فَرْمِيلَة (farmīla)), originating and still spread in the dialects of Egypt, the Sudan and Chad. The east uses بْرَِيك (brēk), the lands west and Mandate Syria the French frein, so it is perhaps from its Ottoman Turkish derivative frenlemek (“to brake”), the verb coming first, but Italian fermare fits too.

Noun

فَرْمَلَة • (farmala) f (plural فَرَامِل (farāmil) or فَرْمَلَات (farmalāt))

1. verbal noun of فَرْمَلَ (farmala) (form Iq)
2. brake

   Synonyms: كَابِحَة (kābiḥa), مِكْبَح (mikbaḥ), ضَابِطَة (ḍābiṭa)

Declension

Declension of noun فَرْمَلَة (farmala)

Singular	singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فَرْمَلَة farmala	الْفَرْمَلَة al-farmala	فَرْمَلَة farmalat
Nominative	فَرْمَلَةٌ farmalatun	الْفَرْمَلَةُ al-farmalatu	فَرْمَلَةُ farmalatu
Accusative	فَرْمَلَةً farmalatan	الْفَرْمَلَةَ al-farmalata	فَرْمَلَةَ farmalata
Genitive	فَرْمَلَةٍ farmalatin	الْفَرْمَلَةِ al-farmalati	فَرْمَلَةِ farmalati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فَرْمَلَتَيْن farmalatayn	الْفَرْمَلَتَيْن al-farmalatayn	فَرْمَلَتَيْ farmalatay
Nominative	فَرْمَلَتَانِ farmalatāni	الْفَرْمَلَتَانِ al-farmalatāni	فَرْمَلَتَا farmalatā
Accusative	فَرْمَلَتَيْنِ farmalatayni	الْفَرْمَلَتَيْنِ al-farmalatayni	فَرْمَلَتَيْ farmalatay
Genitive	فَرْمَلَتَيْنِ farmalatayni	الْفَرْمَلَتَيْنِ al-farmalatayni	فَرْمَلَتَيْ farmalatay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote‎; sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فَرَامِل‎; فَرْمَلَات farāmil‎; farmalāt	الْفَرَامِل‎; الْفَرْمَلَات al-farāmil‎; al-farmalāt	فَرَامِل‎; فَرْمَلَات farāmil‎; farmalāt
Nominative	فَرَامِلُ‎; فَرْمَلَاتٌ farāmilu‎; farmalātun	الْفَرَامِلُ‎; الْفَرْمَلَاتُ al-farāmilu‎; al-farmalātu	فَرَامِلُ‎; فَرْمَلَاتُ farāmilu‎; farmalātu
Accusative	فَرَامِلَ‎; فَرْمَلَاتٍ farāmila‎; farmalātin	الْفَرَامِلَ‎; الْفَرْمَلَاتِ al-farāmila‎; al-farmalāti	فَرَامِلَ‎; فَرْمَلَاتِ farāmila‎; farmalāti
Genitive	فَرَامِلَ‎; فَرْمَلَاتٍ farāmila‎; farmalātin	الْفَرَامِلِ‎; الْفَرْمَلَاتِ al-farāmili‎; al-farmalāti	فَرَامِلِ‎; فَرْمَلَاتِ farāmili‎; farmalāti

Related terms

• فَرْمَل (farmal, “to brake”)
• فَرْمَلْجِيّ (farmaljiyy, “brakesman”)

References

• Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2012) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band II: Materielle Kultur (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100/II) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 445

Etymology 2

Introduced in the 18^th century after Turkish cuts, dissimilated from Ottoman Turkish فرمنه (fermene, “a kind of ornamented jacket worn in front of the waist”), from the term surfacing in Arabic as فَرْمَان (farmān, “a written decree”), understood as lending dignity carried in front for passthrough.

Noun

فَرْمَلَة • (farmala) f (plural فَرَامِل (farāmil))

1. (Libya, Tunisia) a kind of traditional vest with gold braid ornaments resembling a صَدْرِيَّة (ṣadriyya), kirtle, gilet, plastron

Declension

Declension of noun فَرْمَلَة (farmala)

Singular	singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فَرْمَلَة farmala	الْفَرْمَلَة al-farmala	فَرْمَلَة farmalat
Nominative	فَرْمَلَةٌ farmalatun	الْفَرْمَلَةُ al-farmalatu	فَرْمَلَةُ farmalatu
Accusative	فَرْمَلَةً farmalatan	الْفَرْمَلَةَ al-farmalata	فَرْمَلَةَ farmalata
Genitive	فَرْمَلَةٍ farmalatin	الْفَرْمَلَةِ al-farmalati	فَرْمَلَةِ farmalati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فَرْمَلَتَيْن farmalatayn	الْفَرْمَلَتَيْن al-farmalatayn	فَرْمَلَتَيْ farmalatay
Nominative	فَرْمَلَتَانِ farmalatāni	الْفَرْمَلَتَانِ al-farmalatāni	فَرْمَلَتَا farmalatā
Accusative	فَرْمَلَتَيْنِ farmalatayni	الْفَرْمَلَتَيْنِ al-farmalatayni	فَرْمَلَتَيْ farmalatay
Genitive	فَرْمَلَتَيْنِ farmalatayni	الْفَرْمَلَتَيْنِ al-farmalatayni	فَرْمَلَتَيْ farmalatay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فَرَامِل farāmil	الْفَرَامِل al-farāmil	فَرَامِل farāmil
Nominative	فَرَامِلُ farāmilu	الْفَرَامِلُ al-farāmilu	فَرَامِلُ farāmilu
Accusative	فَرَامِلَ farāmila	الْفَرَامِلَ al-farāmila	فَرَامِلَ farāmila
Genitive	فَرَامِلَ farāmila	الْفَرَامِلِ al-farāmili	فَرَامِلِ farāmili

Derived terms

• فُرَيْمِلَة (furaymila, diminutive)

Descendants

• → Bidiyo: parmalà
• → Hausa: farmàlàn
• → Kanuri: fármala
• → Kotoko: fármàlà

References

• Růžička, Rudolf (1909) “Konsonantische Dissimilation in den semitischen Sprachen”, in Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[1] (in German), volume VI, number 4, Leipzig · Baltimore: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung · The Johns Hopkins Press, pages 105–106
• Lidwien Kapteijns and Jay Spaulding, editors (p. 1897, a. 1917), “Gifts worthy of kings: An episode in Dār Fūr-Taqalī relations”, in Sudanic Africa‎^[2], volume 1, published 1990, page 69, footnote 42
• Stuhlmann, Franz (1912) Ein kulturgeschichtlicher Ausflug in den Aures (Atlas von Süd-Algerien): nebst Betrachtungen über die Berber-Völker (Abhandlungen des Hamburgischen Kolonialinstituts; X)‎^[3] (in German), Hamburg: L. Friederichsen & Co., page 168b