فلك
See also: فلک
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
Belonging to the root ف ل ك (f-l-k).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
فَلَك • (falak) m (plural أَفْلَاك (ʔaflāk))
- orbit, rounded course
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 21:33:
- وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَ ٱللَّيْلَ وَٱلنَّهَارَ وَٱلشَّمْسَ وَٱلْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ
- wahuwa llaḏī ḵalaqa l-layla wan-nahāra waš-šamsa wal-qamara kullun fī falakin yasbaḥūna
- And it is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon; all [heavenly bodies] in an orbit are swimming.
- sphere
- sky, outer space, universe, (figurative) heaven
- orb
- Ellipsis of عِلْم الْفَلَك (ʕilm al-falak, “astronomy”).
- falak, ouroboros
Usage notes edit
This word is the ancient version of كون (which has been used in Arabic since the sixth century, unlike فلك which has been used since ever), it means roughly Heaven, but unlike English, the it isn’t limited to positive and divine worlds, as it can also describe the dwellings of demons and spirits. See also ذر (a spiritual universe in Islamic cosmogony, named as such because the offspring of Adam had come out his back as if they were small ants).
Declension edit
Declension of noun فَلَك (falak)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | فَلَك falak |
الْفَلَك al-falak |
فَلَك falak |
Nominative | فَلَكٌ falakun |
الْفَلَكُ al-falaku |
فَلَكُ falaku |
Accusative | فَلَكًا falakan |
الْفَلَكَ al-falaka |
فَلَكَ falaka |
Genitive | فَلَكٍ falakin |
الْفَلَكِ al-falaki |
فَلَكِ falaki |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | فَلَكَيْن falakayn |
الْفَلَكَيْن al-falakayn |
فَلَكَيْ falakay |
Nominative | فَلَكَانِ falakāni |
الْفَلَكَانِ al-falakāni |
فَلَكَا falakā |
Accusative | فَلَكَيْنِ falakayni |
الْفَلَكَيْنِ al-falakayni |
فَلَكَيْ falakay |
Genitive | فَلَكَيْنِ falakayni |
الْفَلَكَيْنِ al-falakayni |
فَلَكَيْ falakay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَفْلَاك ʔaflāk |
الْأَفْلَاك al-ʔaflāk |
أَفْلَاك ʔaflāk |
Nominative | أَفْلَاكٌ ʔaflākun |
الْأَفْلَاكُ al-ʔaflāku |
أَفْلَاكُ ʔaflāku |
Accusative | أَفْلَاكًا ʔaflākan |
الْأَفْلَاكَ al-ʔaflāka |
أَفْلَاكَ ʔaflāka |
Genitive | أَفْلَاكٍ ʔaflākin |
الْأَفْلَاكِ al-ʔaflāki |
أَفْلَاكِ ʔaflāki |
Derived terms edit
- فَلَكِيّ (falakiyy, “astronomical”)
Descendants edit
- → Amharic: ፈለክ (fäläk)
- → Azerbaijani: fələk
- → Ge'ez: ፈለክ (fäläk)
- → Malay: falak
- Indonesian: falak
- → Persian: فلک (falak)
- → Swahili: falaki
- → Turkish: felek
- → Uzbek: falak
References edit
- Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 159
Etymology 2 edit
Belonging to the root ف ل ك (f-l-k). Perhaps, however, unrelated to etymology 1 and instead from Ancient Greek ἐφόλκιον (ephólkion).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
فُلْك • (fulk) m or f (plural فُلْك (fulk))
- ship
- Synonym: سَفِينَة (safīna)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 17:66:
- رَبُّكُمُ الَّذِي يُزْجِي لَكُمُ الْفُلْكَ فِي الْبَحْرِ لِتَبْتَغُوا مِن فَضْلِهِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيمًا
- rabbukumu allaḏī yuzjī lakumu al-fulka fī l-baḥri litabtaḡū min faḍlihi ʔinnahu kāna bikum raḥīman
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension edit
Declension of noun فُلْك (fulk)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | فُلْك fulk |
الْفُلْك al-fulk |
فُلْك fulk |
Nominative | فُلْكٌ fulkun |
الْفُلْكُ al-fulku |
فُلْكُ fulku |
Accusative | فُلْكًا fulkan |
الْفُلْكَ al-fulka |
فُلْكَ fulka |
Genitive | فُلْكٍ fulkin |
الْفُلْكِ al-fulki |
فُلْكِ fulki |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | فُلْكَيْن fulkayn |
الْفُلْكَيْن al-fulkayn |
فُلْكَيْ fulkay |
Nominative | فُلْكَانِ fulkāni |
الْفُلْكَانِ al-fulkāni |
فُلْكَا fulkā |
Accusative | فُلْكَيْنِ fulkayni |
الْفُلْكَيْنِ al-fulkayni |
فُلْكَيْ fulkay |
Genitive | فُلْكَيْنِ fulkayni |
الْفُلْكَيْنِ al-fulkayni |
فُلْكَيْ fulkay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | فُلْك fulk |
الْفُلْك al-fulk |
فُلْك fulk |
Nominative | فُلْكٌ fulkun |
الْفُلْكُ al-fulku |
فُلْكُ fulku |
Accusative | فُلْكًا fulkan |
الْفُلْكَ al-fulka |
فُلْكَ fulka |
Genitive | فُلْكٍ fulkin |
الْفُلْكِ al-fulki |
فُلْكِ fulki |
Descendants edit
- → Swahili: falka (perhaps)
References edit
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 212
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 229-230
- Vollers, Karl (1897) “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[1] (in German), volume 51, page 300