قلم

See also: فلم

Arabic edit

Etymology 1 edit

Root
ق ل م (q-l-m)

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /qa.la.ma/

Verb edit

قَلَمَ • (qalama) I, non-past يَقْلِمُ‎ (yaqlimu)

to cut, to clip, to pare, to prune, to trim, to lop, to truncate, to snip, to cut back, to cut down
to make stripes, to stripe
to fleece, to fleece wool

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of

قَلَمَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun قَلْم)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					قَلْم qalm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					قَالِم qālim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَقْلُوم maqlūm
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قَلَمْتُ qalamtu	قَلَمْتَ qalamta	قَلَمَ qalama	قَلَمْتُمَا qalamtumā	قَلَمَا qalamā	قَلَمْنَا qalamnā	قَلَمْتُمْ qalamtum	قَلَمُوا qalamū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	قَلَمْتُ qalamtu	قَلَمْتِ qalamti	قَلَمَتْ qalamat	قَلَمْتُمَا qalamtumā	قَلَمَتَا qalamatā	قَلَمْنَا qalamnā	قَلَمْتُنَّ qalamtunna	قَلَمْنَ qalamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَقْلِمُ ʔaqlimu	تَقْلِمُ taqlimu	يَقْلِمُ yaqlimu	تَقْلِمَانِ taqlimāni	يَقْلِمَانِ yaqlimāni	نَقْلِمُ naqlimu	تَقْلِمُونَ taqlimūna	يَقْلِمُونَ yaqlimūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَقْلِمُ ʔaqlimu	تَقْلِمِينَ taqlimīna	تَقْلِمُ taqlimu	تَقْلِمَانِ taqlimāni	تَقْلِمَانِ taqlimāni	نَقْلِمُ naqlimu	تَقْلِمْنَ taqlimna	يَقْلِمْنَ yaqlimna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَقْلِمَ ʔaqlima	تَقْلِمَ taqlima	يَقْلِمَ yaqlima	تَقْلِمَا taqlimā	يَقْلِمَا yaqlimā	نَقْلِمَ naqlima	تَقْلِمُوا taqlimū	يَقْلِمُوا yaqlimū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَقْلِمَ ʔaqlima	تَقْلِمِي taqlimī	تَقْلِمَ taqlima	تَقْلِمَا taqlimā	تَقْلِمَا taqlimā	نَقْلِمَ naqlima	تَقْلِمْنَ taqlimna	يَقْلِمْنَ yaqlimna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَقْلِمْ ʔaqlim	تَقْلِمْ taqlim	يَقْلِمْ yaqlim	تَقْلِمَا taqlimā	يَقْلِمَا yaqlimā	نَقْلِمْ naqlim	تَقْلِمُوا taqlimū	يَقْلِمُوا yaqlimū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَقْلِمْ ʔaqlim	تَقْلِمِي taqlimī	تَقْلِمْ taqlim	تَقْلِمَا taqlimā	تَقْلِمَا taqlimā	نَقْلِمْ naqlim	تَقْلِمْنَ taqlimna	يَقْلِمْنَ yaqlimna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِقْلِمْ iqlim		اِقْلِمَا iqlimā			اِقْلِمُوا iqlimū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِقْلِمِي iqlimī		اِقْلِمَا iqlimā			اِقْلِمْنَ iqlimna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قُلِمْتُ qulimtu	قُلِمْتَ qulimta	قُلِمَ qulima	قُلِمْتُمَا qulimtumā	قُلِمَا qulimā	قُلِمْنَا qulimnā	قُلِمْتُمْ qulimtum	قُلِمُوا qulimū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	قُلِمْتُ qulimtu	قُلِمْتِ qulimti	قُلِمَتْ qulimat	قُلِمْتُمَا qulimtumā	قُلِمَتَا qulimatā	قُلِمْنَا qulimnā	قُلِمْتُنَّ qulimtunna	قُلِمْنَ qulimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُقْلَمُ ʔuqlamu	تُقْلَمُ tuqlamu	يُقْلَمُ yuqlamu	تُقْلَمَانِ tuqlamāni	يُقْلَمَانِ yuqlamāni	نُقْلَمُ nuqlamu	تُقْلَمُونَ tuqlamūna	يُقْلَمُونَ yuqlamūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُقْلَمُ ʔuqlamu	تُقْلَمِينَ tuqlamīna	تُقْلَمُ tuqlamu	تُقْلَمَانِ tuqlamāni	تُقْلَمَانِ tuqlamāni	نُقْلَمُ nuqlamu	تُقْلَمْنَ tuqlamna	يُقْلَمْنَ yuqlamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقْلَمَ ʔuqlama	تُقْلَمَ tuqlama	يُقْلَمَ yuqlama	تُقْلَمَا tuqlamā	يُقْلَمَا yuqlamā	نُقْلَمَ nuqlama	تُقْلَمُوا tuqlamū	يُقْلَمُوا yuqlamū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُقْلَمَ ʔuqlama	تُقْلَمِي tuqlamī	تُقْلَمَ tuqlama	تُقْلَمَا tuqlamā	تُقْلَمَا tuqlamā	نُقْلَمَ nuqlama	تُقْلَمْنَ tuqlamna	يُقْلَمْنَ yuqlamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقْلَمْ ʔuqlam	تُقْلَمْ tuqlam	يُقْلَمْ yuqlam	تُقْلَمَا tuqlamā	يُقْلَمَا yuqlamā	نُقْلَمْ nuqlam	تُقْلَمُوا tuqlamū	يُقْلَمُوا yuqlamū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُقْلَمْ ʔuqlam	تُقْلَمِي tuqlamī	تُقْلَمْ tuqlam	تُقْلَمَا tuqlamā	تُقْلَمَا tuqlamā	نُقْلَمْ nuqlam	تُقْلَمْنَ tuqlamna	يُقْلَمْنَ yuqlamna

Etymology 2 edit

Intensive form II verb derived from form I verb قَلَمَ (qalama, “to cut”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /qal.la.ma/

Verb edit

قَلَّمَ • (qallama) II, non-past يُقَلِّمُ‎ (yuqallimu)

to cut much or frequently
to striate, to stripe

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of

قَلَّمَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَقْلِيم taqlīm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُقَلِّم muqallim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُقَلَّم muqallam
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قَلَّمْتُ qallamtu	قَلَّمْتَ qallamta	قَلَّمَ qallama	قَلَّمْتُمَا qallamtumā	قَلَّمَا qallamā	قَلَّمْنَا qallamnā	قَلَّمْتُمْ qallamtum	قَلَّمُوا qallamū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	قَلَّمْتُ qallamtu	قَلَّمْتِ qallamti	قَلَّمَتْ qallamat	قَلَّمْتُمَا qallamtumā	قَلَّمَتَا qallamatā	قَلَّمْنَا qallamnā	قَلَّمْتُنَّ qallamtunna	قَلَّمْنَ qallamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُقَلِّمُ ʔuqallimu	تُقَلِّمُ tuqallimu	يُقَلِّمُ yuqallimu	تُقَلِّمَانِ tuqallimāni	يُقَلِّمَانِ yuqallimāni	نُقَلِّمُ nuqallimu	تُقَلِّمُونَ tuqallimūna	يُقَلِّمُونَ yuqallimūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُقَلِّمُ ʔuqallimu	تُقَلِّمِينَ tuqallimīna	تُقَلِّمُ tuqallimu	تُقَلِّمَانِ tuqallimāni	تُقَلِّمَانِ tuqallimāni	نُقَلِّمُ nuqallimu	تُقَلِّمْنَ tuqallimna	يُقَلِّمْنَ yuqallimna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقَلِّمَ ʔuqallima	تُقَلِّمَ tuqallima	يُقَلِّمَ yuqallima	تُقَلِّمَا tuqallimā	يُقَلِّمَا yuqallimā	نُقَلِّمَ nuqallima	تُقَلِّمُوا tuqallimū	يُقَلِّمُوا yuqallimū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُقَلِّمَ ʔuqallima	تُقَلِّمِي tuqallimī	تُقَلِّمَ tuqallima	تُقَلِّمَا tuqallimā	تُقَلِّمَا tuqallimā	نُقَلِّمَ nuqallima	تُقَلِّمْنَ tuqallimna	يُقَلِّمْنَ yuqallimna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقَلِّمْ ʔuqallim	تُقَلِّمْ tuqallim	يُقَلِّمْ yuqallim	تُقَلِّمَا tuqallimā	يُقَلِّمَا yuqallimā	نُقَلِّمْ nuqallim	تُقَلِّمُوا tuqallimū	يُقَلِّمُوا yuqallimū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُقَلِّمْ ʔuqallim	تُقَلِّمِي tuqallimī	تُقَلِّمْ tuqallim	تُقَلِّمَا tuqallimā	تُقَلِّمَا tuqallimā	نُقَلِّمْ nuqallim	تُقَلِّمْنَ tuqallimna	يُقَلِّمْنَ yuqallimna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		قَلِّمْ qallim		قَلِّمَا qallimā			قَلِّمُوا qallimū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		قَلِّمِي qallimī		قَلِّمَا qallimā			قَلِّمْنَ qallimna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قُلِّمْتُ qullimtu	قُلِّمْتَ qullimta	قُلِّمَ qullima	قُلِّمْتُمَا qullimtumā	قُلِّمَا qullimā	قُلِّمْنَا qullimnā	قُلِّمْتُمْ qullimtum	قُلِّمُوا qullimū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	قُلِّمْتُ qullimtu	قُلِّمْتِ qullimti	قُلِّمَتْ qullimat	قُلِّمْتُمَا qullimtumā	قُلِّمَتَا qullimatā	قُلِّمْنَا qullimnā	قُلِّمْتُنَّ qullimtunna	قُلِّمْنَ qullimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُقَلَّمُ ʔuqallamu	تُقَلَّمُ tuqallamu	يُقَلَّمُ yuqallamu	تُقَلَّمَانِ tuqallamāni	يُقَلَّمَانِ yuqallamāni	نُقَلَّمُ nuqallamu	تُقَلَّمُونَ tuqallamūna	يُقَلَّمُونَ yuqallamūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُقَلَّمُ ʔuqallamu	تُقَلَّمِينَ tuqallamīna	تُقَلَّمُ tuqallamu	تُقَلَّمَانِ tuqallamāni	تُقَلَّمَانِ tuqallamāni	نُقَلَّمُ nuqallamu	تُقَلَّمْنَ tuqallamna	يُقَلَّمْنَ yuqallamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقَلَّمَ ʔuqallama	تُقَلَّمَ tuqallama	يُقَلَّمَ yuqallama	تُقَلَّمَا tuqallamā	يُقَلَّمَا yuqallamā	نُقَلَّمَ nuqallama	تُقَلَّمُوا tuqallamū	يُقَلَّمُوا yuqallamū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُقَلَّمَ ʔuqallama	تُقَلَّمِي tuqallamī	تُقَلَّمَ tuqallama	تُقَلَّمَا tuqallamā	تُقَلَّمَا tuqallamā	نُقَلَّمَ nuqallama	تُقَلَّمْنَ tuqallamna	يُقَلَّمْنَ yuqallamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقَلَّمْ ʔuqallam	تُقَلَّمْ tuqallam	يُقَلَّمْ yuqallam	تُقَلَّمَا tuqallamā	يُقَلَّمَا yuqallamā	نُقَلَّمْ nuqallam	تُقَلَّمُوا tuqallamū	يُقَلَّمُوا yuqallamū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُقَلَّمْ ʔuqallam	تُقَلَّمِي tuqallamī	تُقَلَّمْ tuqallam	تُقَلَّمَا tuqallamā	تُقَلَّمَا tuqallamā	نُقَلَّمْ nuqallam	تُقَلَّمْنَ tuqallamna	يُقَلَّمْنَ yuqallamna

References edit

Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قلم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 3 edit

From Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”). Nöldeke and Jeffery are convinced that it comes thence via Ge'ez ቀለም (ḳäläm, “reed”), while Leslau notes that ቀለም (ḳäläm, “reed”) could come from Arabic. But the meaning “reed” – referring to a plant – is not actually attested for the Arabic word, and given the peculiar semantics in Ge'ez where the word ቀለም (ḳäläm) is mixed into the root of ቀለመ (ḳälämä, “to color, to stain, to write”) and as well means “color”, “ink”, “inkstand”, as Leslau separates himself, a Ge'ez origin can explain why in Arabic the meaning is restricted to “pen” in the beginning compared with the Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos) meaning “reed cane” in general.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /qa.lam/
- (Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ʔa.lam/
- (Kuwait) IPA^(key): /qələm/
- (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /ɡa.lam/
- (Moroccan) IPA^(key): /qa.lam/
- (North Levantine) IPA^(key): /ʔa.lam/

Noun edit

قَلَم • (qalam) m (plural أَقْلَام (ʔaqlām))

pen, reed pen
pencil
قَلَم رَصَاص ― qalam raṣāṣ ― pencil
writing, script, calligraphic style, ductus, handwriting
style
office, bureau, agency
window, counter
(commerce) item, entry
stripe, streak, line, bar, stria

Declension edit

Declension of noun قَلَم (qalam)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَلَم qalam	الْقَلَم al-qalam	قَلَم qalam
Nominative	قَلَمٌ qalamun	الْقَلَمُ al-qalamu	قَلَمُ qalamu
Accusative	قَلَمًا qalaman	الْقَلَمَ al-qalama	قَلَمَ qalama
Genitive	قَلَمٍ qalamin	الْقَلَمِ al-qalami	قَلَمِ qalami
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَلَمَيْن qalamayn	الْقَلَمَيْن al-qalamayn	قَلَمَيْ qalamay
Nominative	قَلَمَانِ qalamāni	الْقَلَمَانِ al-qalamāni	قَلَمَا qalamā
Accusative	قَلَمَيْنِ qalamayni	الْقَلَمَيْنِ al-qalamayni	قَلَمَيْ qalamay
Genitive	قَلَمَيْنِ qalamayni	الْقَلَمَيْنِ al-qalamayni	قَلَمَيْ qalamay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَقْلَام ʔaqlām	الْأَقْلَام al-ʔaqlām	أَقْلَام ʔaqlām
Nominative	أَقْلَامٌ ʔaqlāmun	الْأَقْلَامُ al-ʔaqlāmu	أَقْلَامُ ʔaqlāmu
Accusative	أَقْلَامًا ʔaqlāman	الْأَقْلَامَ al-ʔaqlāma	أَقْلَامَ ʔaqlāma
Genitive	أَقْلَامٍ ʔaqlāmin	الْأَقْلَامِ al-ʔaqlāmi	أَقْلَامِ ʔaqlāmi

Descendants edit

Gulf Arabic: قلم (qalam)
Hijazi Arabic: قلم (galam)
Moroccan Arabic: قلم (qalam)
→ Afar: kálam
→ Azerbaijani: qələm
→ Bashkir: ҡәләм (qələm)
→ Dungan: гэран (geran), гәран (gəran), галан (galan)
→ Dhivehi: ގަލަން (galan̊)
→ Hindustani:
→ Hindi: क़लम (qalam)

→ Urdu: قلم (qalam)
- → Burmese: ကလောင် (ka.laung)
  - → Shan: ၵလွင်ႇ (kǎ làung)
→ Bengali: কলম (kolom)
→ Odia: କଲମ (kôlômô)
→ Kyrgyz: калем (kalem)
→ Kazakh: қалам (qalam)
→ Northern Kurdish: qelem
→ Malay: kalam
- Indonesian: kalam
→ Middle Armenian: ղալամ (ġalam), խալամ (xalam)
→ Old Georgian: კალამი (ḳalami)
- Georgian: კალამი (ḳalami), ყალამი (q̇alami)
→ Ottoman Turkish: قلم (kalem)
- Turkish: kalem
- → Armenian: խալեմ (xalem)
- → Serbo-Croatian: kàlem / ка̀лем
→ Persian: قلم (qalam)
- Tajik: қалам (qalam)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi: ਕ਼ਲਮ (qalam)

Shahmukhi: قلم (qalam)
→ Sindhi: قلمُ (qalamu)
→ Swahili: kalamu
→ Uyghur: قەلەم (qelem)
→ Zazaki: qeleme

References edit

Ahrens, Karl (1930) “Christliches im Qoran. Eine Nachlese”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[2] (in German), volume 84, page 24
Jeffery, Arthur (1938) “قَلَمٌ”, in The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 242–243
Leslau, Wolf (1991) “qalama”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 428–429
Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎^[3] (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 662–685
Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[4] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 50

Etymology 4 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /qalm/

Noun edit

قَلْم • (qalm) m

verbal noun of قَلَمَ (qalama) (form I)

Declension edit

Declension of noun قَلْم (qalm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَلْم qalm	الْقَلْم al-qalm	قَلْم qalm
Nominative	قَلْمٌ qalmun	الْقَلْمُ al-qalmu	قَلْمُ qalmu
Accusative	قَلْمًا qalman	الْقَلْمَ al-qalma	قَلْمَ qalma
Genitive	قَلْمٍ qalmin	الْقَلْمِ al-qalmi	قَلْمِ qalmi

References edit

Freytag, Georg (1835) “قلم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[5] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 492
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قلم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[6], London: W.H. Allen, pages 853–854
Wehr, Hans (1979) “قلم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 922

Egyptian Arabic edit

Etymology edit

From Arabic قَلَم (qalam).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ʔa.lam/

Noun edit

قلم • (ʾalam) m (plural أقلام (aʾlām))

pen

Gulf Arabic edit

Etymology edit

From Arabic قَلَم (qalam).

Pronunciation edit

(Kuwait) IPA^(key): /ˈqələm/
(historical or regional) IPA^(key): /ˈɡələm/

Noun edit

قَلَم • (qalam) m (before il- قَلَم (qalam), plural اقلام (aqlām))

pen
Synonym: قلم حبر
pencil
Synonym: قلم رصاص

Hijazi Arabic edit

Etymology edit

From Arabic قَلَم (qalam).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɡalam/

Noun edit

قلم • (galam) m (plural أقلام (ʔaglām))

pen
Synonym: قلم حبر (galam ḥibir)
pencil
Synonym: قلم رصاص (galam ruṣāṣ)

Munji edit

Noun edit

قلم (qalam)

pen

Ottoman Turkish edit

Alternative forms edit

գալէմ (kalem) — Armeno-Turkish

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Arabic قَلَم (qalam, “pen, reed pen”), itself from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).

Noun edit

قلم • (kalem) (plural قلام or اقلام)

reed, especially when cut and dried for use
Synonym: خامه (hame)
(botany) any jointed and hollow stem of a plant
(botany) any slip or cutting taken from a plant for rooting or grafting
pen, a tubular tool originally made from reeds used for writing
Synonym: خامه (hame)
pencil, a writing utensil with a graphite shaft
Synonym: خامه (hame)
stylus or any sharp object similar to a stylus

Derived terms edit

قلمتراش (kalemtıraş, “knife for cutting reed pens”)
قلمجی (kalemci, “seller of reeds for pens”)
قلمدان (kalemdan, “pen-case”)
قلمی (kalemî, “shaped like a reed”)

Descendants edit

Turkish: kalem
→ Armenian: խալեմ (xalem)
→ Ladino: kalem
→ Serbo-Croatian: kàlem / ка̀лем

Persian edit

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:

قلم

Wikipedia ^fa

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Arabic قَلَم (qalam), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [qa.ˈlam]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qä.lǽm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [qä.lǽm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [qä.lǽm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qæ.lǽm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [qä.lǽm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	qalam
Dari reading^?	qalam
Iranian reading^?	ğalam
Tajik reading^?	qalam

Noun edit


Iranian Persian	قلم
Dari	قلم
Tajik	қалам

قَلَم • (qalam) (plural قلم‌ها (qalam-hâ) or اقلام)

reed
pen, reed pen
(computing) font

Derived terms edit

قلمدان (qalamdân)
قلمتراش (qalam-tarâš)

Noun edit

قَلَم • (qalam) (plural اقلام (aqlâm))

(commerce) item, entry
čandin qalam jens dar mağâze dârim.
We have various kinds of articles (or goods) in our store.

Punjabi edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Arabic قَلَم (qalam), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).

Pronunciation edit

(Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /kə.ləmə̆/

Noun edit

قَلَم • (qalam) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਕਲਮ)

pen

Declension edit

^{The template Template:pnb-noun-f-c does not use the parameter(s): 2=qalam
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}

Declension of قلم
dir. sg.	قلم (qlm)
dir. pl.	قلماں (qlmāṉ)
	singular	plural
direct	قلم (qlm)	قلماں (qlmāṉ)
oblique	قلم (qlm)	قلماں (qlmāṉ)
vocative	قلمے (qlme)	قلمو (qlmo)
ablative	قلموں (qlmoṉ)	—
locative	قلمے (qlme)	قلمِیں (qlmīṉ)
instrumental	قلمے (qlme)	قلمِیں (qlmīṉ)

Sindhi edit

Etymology edit

From Classical Persian (qalam), from Arabic قَلَم (qalam), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [qalamʊ]

Noun edit

قَلَمُ • (qalamu) m (Devanagari क़लमु) (plural قَلَمَ)

pen

South Levantine Arabic edit

Etymology edit

From Arabic قَلَم (qalam).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): (Ramallah) /ʔa.lam/, [ˈʔa.lam]
IPA^(key): (Gaza) /ɡa.lam/, [ˈɡa.lam]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)

Noun edit

قلم • (ʔalam) m (plural قلام (ʔlām) or أقلام (ʔaʔlām))

pen

Urdu edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Classical Persian (qalam), from Arabic قَلَم (qalam), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).

Pronunciation edit

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /qə.ləm/
Audio (PK) (file)
Rhymes: -əm

Noun edit

قَلَم • (qalam) m or f (Hindi spelling क़लम)

pen
(historical) reed pen
reed

Declension edit

Declension of قلم
	singular	plural
direct	قلم (qalam)	قلمیں (qalamẽ)
oblique	قلم (qalam)	قلموں (qalamõ)
vocative	قلم (qalam)	قلمو (qalamo)

References edit

“قلم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
“قلم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

Yidgha edit

Noun edit

قلم (qalam)

pen

قلم

Arabic edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

Conjugation edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

Conjugation edit

References edit

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Descendants edit

References edit

Etymology 4 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

References edit

Egyptian Arabic edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Gulf Arabic edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Hijazi Arabic edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Munji edit

Noun edit

Ottoman Turkish edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Noun edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Further reading edit

Persian edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Derived terms edit

Noun edit

Punjabi edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Sindhi edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

South Levantine Arabic edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Urdu edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

References edit

Yidgha edit

Noun edit