قم

See also: فم and ق. م.

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ق م م (q-m-m)

Verb

قَمَّ • (qamma) I, non-past يَقُمُّ‎ (yaqummu)

1. to sweep, to scoop
2. to go onto and into, to climb on

Conjugation

Conjugation of

قَمَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal noun قَمّ)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						قَمّ qamm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						قَامّ qāmm
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَقْمُوم maqmūm
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قَمَمْتُ qamamtu	قَمَمْتَ qamamta	قَمَّ qamma		قَمَمْتُمَا qamamtumā	قَمَّا qammā		قَمَمْنَا qamamnā	قَمَمْتُمْ qamamtum	قَمُّوا qammū
	f		قَمَمْتِ qamamti	قَمَّتْ qammat			قَمَّتَا qammatā			قَمَمْتُنَّ qamamtunna	قَمَمْنَ qamamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَقُمُّ ʔaqummu	تَقُمُّ taqummu	يَقُمُّ yaqummu		تَقُمَّانِ taqummāni	يَقُمَّانِ yaqummāni		نَقُمُّ naqummu	تَقُمُّونَ taqummūna	يَقُمُّونَ yaqummūna
	f		تَقُمِّينَ taqummīna	تَقُمُّ taqummu			تَقُمَّانِ taqummāni			تَقْمُمْنَ taqmumna	يَقْمُمْنَ yaqmumna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَقُمَّ ʔaqumma	تَقُمَّ taqumma	يَقُمَّ yaqumma		تَقُمَّا taqummā	يَقُمَّا yaqummā		نَقُمَّ naqumma	تَقُمُّوا taqummū	يَقُمُّوا yaqummū
	f		تَقُمِّي taqummī	تَقُمَّ taqumma			تَقُمَّا taqummā			تَقْمُمْنَ taqmumna	يَقْمُمْنَ yaqmumna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَقُمَّ or أَقُمِّ or أَقْمُمْ ʔaqumma or ʔaqummi or ʔaqmum	تَقُمَّ or تَقُمِّ or تَقْمُمْ taqumma or taqummi or taqmum	يَقُمَّ or يَقُمِّ or يَقْمُمْ yaqumma or yaqummi or yaqmum		تَقُمَّا taqummā	يَقُمَّا yaqummā		نَقُمَّ or نَقُمِّ or نَقْمُمْ naqumma or naqummi or naqmum	تَقُمُّوا taqummū	يَقُمُّوا yaqummū
	f		تَقُمِّي taqummī	تَقُمَّ or تَقُمِّ or تَقْمُمْ taqumma or taqummi or taqmum			تَقُمَّا taqummā			تَقْمُمْنَ taqmumna	يَقْمُمْنَ yaqmumna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		قُمَّ or قُمِّ or اُقْمُمْ qumma or qummi or uqmum			قُمَّا qummā				قُمُّوا qummū
	f		قُمِّي qummī							اُقْمُمْنَ uqmumna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قُمِمْتُ qumimtu	قُمِمْتَ qumimta	قُمَّ qumma		قُمِمْتُمَا qumimtumā	قُمَّا qummā		قُمِمْنَا qumimnā	قُمِمْتُمْ qumimtum	قُمُّوا qummū
	f		قُمِمْتِ qumimti	قُمَّتْ qummat			قُمَّتَا qummatā			قُمِمْتُنَّ qumimtunna	قُمِمْنَ qumimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُقَمُّ ʔuqammu	تُقَمُّ tuqammu	يُقَمُّ yuqammu		تُقَمَّانِ tuqammāni	يُقَمَّانِ yuqammāni		نُقَمُّ nuqammu	تُقَمُّونَ tuqammūna	يُقَمُّونَ yuqammūna
	f		تُقَمِّينَ tuqammīna	تُقَمُّ tuqammu			تُقَمَّانِ tuqammāni			تُقْمَمْنَ tuqmamna	يُقْمَمْنَ yuqmamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقَمَّ ʔuqamma	تُقَمَّ tuqamma	يُقَمَّ yuqamma		تُقَمَّا tuqammā	يُقَمَّا yuqammā		نُقَمَّ nuqamma	تُقَمُّوا tuqammū	يُقَمُّوا yuqammū
	f		تُقَمِّي tuqammī	تُقَمَّ tuqamma			تُقَمَّا tuqammā			تُقْمَمْنَ tuqmamna	يُقْمَمْنَ yuqmamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقَمَّ or أُقَمِّ or أُقْمَمْ ʔuqamma or ʔuqammi or ʔuqmam	تُقَمَّ or تُقَمِّ or تُقْمَمْ tuqamma or tuqammi or tuqmam	يُقَمَّ or يُقَمِّ or يُقْمَمْ yuqamma or yuqammi or yuqmam		تُقَمَّا tuqammā	يُقَمَّا yuqammā		نُقَمَّ or نُقَمِّ or نُقْمَمْ nuqamma or nuqammi or nuqmam	تُقَمُّوا tuqammū	يُقَمُّوا yuqammū
	f		تُقَمِّي tuqammī	تُقَمَّ or تُقَمِّ or تُقْمَمْ tuqamma or tuqammi or tuqmam			تُقَمَّا tuqammā			تُقْمَمْنَ tuqmamna	يُقْمَمْنَ yuqmamna

Noun

قَمّ • (qamm) m

1. verbal noun of قَمَّ (qamma) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun قَمّ (qamm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَمّ qamm	الْقَمّ al-qamm	قَمّ qamm
Nominative	قَمٌّ qammun	الْقَمُّ al-qammu	قَمُّ qammu
Accusative	قَمًّا qamman	الْقَمَّ al-qamma	قَمَّ qamma
Genitive	قَمٍّ qammin	الْقَمِّ al-qammi	قَمِّ qammi

Etymology 2

From Persian قم (qom).

Proper noun

قُم • (qum) f

1. Qom (a city in Iran)
2. Qom (a province of Iran).

Declension

Declension of noun قُم (qum)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	قُم qum	—
Nominative	—	قُمٌ qumun	—
Accusative	—	قُمًا quman	—
Genitive	—	قُمٍ qumin	—

Derived terms

• قُمِّي (qummī)

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

قُمْ • (qum) (form I)

1. second-person masculine singular active imperative of قَامَ (qāma)

Persian

Etymology

Immediately from Arabic, since the city was founded by Arabs in 685 and because ق (q) does not occur in native Persian words. The 988 book History of Qum offers several etymologies:

• An Arabic corruption of Classical Persian کومه (kūma, “shed; hut”), since the site of the city was previously used by shepherds for shelter. This may be the most plausible.
• An Arabic corruption of the nearby Persian village of کوب (kūb).
• From Arabic قُمْ (qum, “stand up!”, singular imperative of قَامَ (qāma, “to stand up”)), with various religious etymologies (e.g. because the Prophet Muhammad was ordered to "stand up" on the site of the city during his heavenly journey); these are obvious cases of folk etymology.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [qum]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qʊm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qʊm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [qʊm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [qum]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qom]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [qum]

Readings
Classical reading?	qum
Dari reading?	qum
Iranian reading?	ğom
Tajik reading?	qum

Proper noun

Dari	قم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	Қум

قم • (qom)

1. Qom (a city in Iran); a shrine city and center of Shi'ite seminarian learning
2. Qom (a province of Iran).

Descendants

• → Chagatai: قم
  • Uzbek: Qum