كاشم
Arabic edit
Etymology edit
The pattern فَاعَل (fāʕal), which is further expounded at عَالَم (ʕālam), especially in variation with فَاعِل (fāʕil), makes the term liable to being deemed a borrowing from Aramaic. So probably a metathesis of the active participle of כמש / ܟܡܫ (kmaš, “to be wrinkled”), which else derives ܟܡܫܐ (kamšā, “grape”), ܟܡܫܘܢܐ (kamšōnē, “the dried skins of grapes, raisins”). The sequence مِش (miš) in unattested intermediate *كَامِش (*kāmiš) was probably inacceptable in Arabic.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
كَاشِم or كَاشَم • (kāšim or kāšam) m
- mountain stone-parsley (Seseli libanotis)
- Synonyms: أَنْجُدَان رُومِيّ (ʔanjudān rūmiyy), كَرَفْس جَبَلِيّ (karafs jabaliyy)
- lovage (Levisticum officinale)
- Synonym: زَوْفَرَا (zawfarā)
- officinal hartwort, Tordylium officinale, or Syrian hartwort, Tordylium syriacum
Usage notes edit
The plants referred to by this word are confusable and practically indistinguishable for premodern people.
Declension edit
Declension of noun كَاشِم (kāšim); كَاشَم (kāšam)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | كَاشِم; كَاشَم kāšim; kāšam |
الْكَاشِم; الْكَاشَم al-kāšim; al-kāšam |
كَاشِم; كَاشَم kāšim; kāšam |
| Nominative | كَاشِمٌ; كَاشَمٌ kāšimun; kāšamun |
الْكَاشِمُ; الْكَاشَمُ al-kāšimu; al-kāšamu |
كَاشِمُ; كَاشَمُ kāšimu; kāšamu |
| Accusative | كَاشِمًا; كَاشَمًا kāšiman; kāšaman |
الْكَاشِمَ; الْكَاشَمَ al-kāšima; al-kāšama |
كَاشِمَ; كَاشَمَ kāšima; kāšama |
| Genitive | كَاشِمٍ; كَاشَمٍ kāšimin; kāšamin |
الْكَاشِمِ; الْكَاشَمِ al-kāšimi; al-kāšami |
كَاشِمِ; كَاشَمِ kāšimi; kāšami |
References edit
- “kmš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Freytag, Georg (1837) “كاشم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 39
- Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden[2] (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 470–473