See also: نقس

Arabic edit

Root
ن ف س (n-f-s)

Etymology 1 edit

Verb edit

نَفُسَ (nafusa) I, non-past يَنْفُسُ‎ (yanfusu)

  1. to be priceless, to be precious, to be valuable
Conjugation edit

Verb edit

نَفِسَ (nafisa) I, non-past يَنْفَسُ‎ (yanfasu)

  1. to be niggardly, to be stingy, to be sparing
Conjugation edit

Verb edit

نَفِسَ (nafisa) I, non-past يَنْفَسُ‎ (yanfasu)

  1. to envy, to begrudge
Conjugation edit

Verb edit

نَفِسَ (nafisa) I, non-past يَنْفَسُ‎ (yanfasu)
نُفِسَ (nufisa) I, non-past يُنْفَسُ‎ (yunfasu) (passive voice)

  1. to be in childbed
Conjugation edit

Verb edit

نَفَّسَ (naffasa) II, non-past يُنَفِّسُ‎ (yunaffisu)

  1. to comfort, to cheer up, to reassure, to appease
  2. to relieve, to dispel, to banish
  3. to air, to vent
  4. to uncover, to reveal, to voice
  5. to cease, to desist
  6. to let out air
  7. to be in childbed
Conjugation edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Semitic *napš-.

Pronunciation 1 edit

Noun edit

نَفْس (nafsf (plural نُفُوس (nufūs) or أَنْفُس (ʔanfus))

  1. self
    1. (plural أَنْفُس (ʔanfus)) in idafa with an enclitic pronoun attached to it
      نَفْسُهُnafsuhuhimself
      1. (plural أَنْفُس (ʔanfus)) as reflexive
        قَتَلَ نَفْسَهُqatala nafsahuHe killed himself. [reflexive]
        رَأَيْتُ نَفْسِي فِي ٱلْمِرْآةِraʔaytu nafsī fī l-mirʔātiI saw myself in the mirror.
      2. (plural أَنْفُس (ʔanfus)) as emphatic
        جَاءَنِي هُوَ نَفْسُهُ.
        jāʔanī huwa nafsuhu.
        He came to me himself or in person.
        • a. 1360, Ibn Hishām Al-Ansāriyy, Sharh Qatr Al-Nadā Wa-Ball Al-Sadā:
          وَأَمَّا قَوْلُ ٱلْعَرَبِ: «اِتَّقَى ٱللَّهَ ٱمْرُؤٌ فَعَلَ خَيْرًا يُثَبْ عَلَيْهِ» بِٱلْجَزْمِ، فَوَجْهُهُ أَنَّ «ٱتَّقَى ٱللَّهَ» وَ«فَعَلَ خَيْرًا» وَإِنْ كَانَا فِعْلَيْنِ مَاضِيَيْنِ ظَاهِرُهُمَا ٱلْخَبَرُ، إِلَّا أَنَّ ٱلْمُرَادَ بِهِمَا ٱلطَّلَبُ، وَٱلْمَعْنَى: لِيَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ ٱمْرُؤٌ وَلْيَفْعَلْ خَيْرًا، وَكَذَٰلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ هَلۡ أَدُلُّكُمۡ عَلَىٰ تِجَـٰرَةࣲ تُنجِیكُم مِّنۡ عَذَابٍ أَلِیمࣲ ۝١٠ تُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَتُجَـٰهِدُونَ فِی سَبِیلِ ٱللَّهِ بِأَمۡوَ ٰ⁠لِكُمۡ وَأَنفُسِكُمۡۚ ذَ ٰ⁠لِكُمۡ خَیۡرࣱ لَّكُمۡ إِن كُنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ ۝١١ یَغۡفِرۡ لَكُمۡ﴾ فَجَزْمُ يَغْفِرْ لِأَنَّهُ جَوَابٌ لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿تُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَتُجَـٰهِدُونَ﴾ لِكَوْنِهِ فِي مَعْنَى «آمِنُوا وَجَاهِدُوا»، وَلَيْسَ جَوَابًا لِلِٱسْتِفْهَامِ، لِأَنَّ غُفْرَانَ ٱلذُّنُوبِ لَا يَتَسَبَّبُ عَنْ نَفْسِ ٱلدَّلَالَةِ، بَلْ عَنِ ٱلْإِيمَانِ وَٱلْجِهَادِ.
          waʔammā qawlu l-ʕarabi: “ittaqā l-laha mruʔun faʕala ḵayran yuṯab ʕalayhi” bi-l-jazmi, fawajhuhu ʔanna “ttaqā l-laha” wa“faʕala ḵayran” waʔin kānā fiʕlayni māḍiyayni ẓāhiruhumā l-ḵabaru, ʔillā ʔanna l-murāda bihimā ṭ-ṭalabu, wal-maʕnā: liyattaqi l-laha mruʔun walyafʕal ḵayran, wakaḏālika qawluhu taʕālā: “yā ʔayyuhā llaḏīna ʔāmanū hal ʔadullukum ʕalā tijāratin tunjīkum min ʕaḏābin ʔalīmin? tuʔminūna bi-l-lāhi warasūlihī watujāhidūna fī sabīli l-lahi biʔamwālikum waʔanfusikum; ḏālikum ḵayrun lakum ʔin kuntum taʕlamūna, yaḡfir lakum” fajazmu yaḡfir liʔannahu jawābun liqawlihi taʕālā: “tuʔminūna bi-l-lahi warasūlihī watujāhidūna” likawnihi fī maʕnā “ʔāminū wajāhidū”, walaysa jawāban lilistifhāmi, liʔanna ḡufrāna ḏ-ḏunūbi lā yatasabbabu ʕan nafsi d-dalālati, bal ʕani l-ʔīmāni wal-jihādi.
          (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. same used in the construct state, with a modifying noun in the genitive, or after the noun with an enclitic pronoun attached to it
    نَفْسُ ٱلشَّيْءِnafsu š-šayʔithe same thing
    فِي نَفْسِ ٱلْيَوْمِ، فِي ٱلْيَوْمِ نَفْسِهِ
    fī nafsi l-yawmi, fī l-yawmi nafsihi
    on the same day
  3. consciousness
  4. psyche, mind
  5. spirit, soul
  6. life, breath
  7. essence, nature
  8. inclination, appetite, proclivity
  9. personal identity
Inflection edit
    Inflected forms
Base form نَفْسُ (nafsu)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms
Singular Dual Plural
Masculine Feminine Common Masculine Feminine
First person نَفْسِي (nafsī) أَنْفُسُنَا (ʔanfusunā)
Second person نَفْسُكَ (nafsuka) نَفْسُكِ (nafsuki) أَنْفُسُكُمَا (ʔanfusukumā) أَنْفُسُكُمْ (ʔanfusukum) أَنْفُسُكُنَّ (ʔanfusukunna)
Third person نَفْسُهُ (nafsuhu) نَفْسُهَا (nafsuhā) أَنْفُسُهُمَا (ʔanfusuhumā) أَنْفُسُهُمْ (ʔanfusuhum) أَنْفُسُهُنَّ (ʔanfusuhunna)
    Inflected forms
Base form نَفْسَ (nafsa)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms
Singular Dual Plural
Masculine Feminine Common Masculine Feminine
First person نَفْسِي (nafsī) أَنْفُسَنَا (ʔanfusanā)
Second person نَفْسَكَ (nafsaka) نَفْسَكِ (nafsaki) أَنْفُسَكُمَا (ʔanfusakumā) أَنْفُسَكُمْ (ʔanfusakum) أَنْفُسَكُنَّ (ʔanfusakunna)
Third person نَفْسَهُ (nafsahu) نَفْسَهَا (nafsahā) أَنْفُسَهُمَا (ʔanfusahumā) أَنْفُسَهُمْ (ʔanfusahum) أَنْفُسَهُنَّ (ʔanfusahunna)
    Inflected forms
Base form نَفْسِ (nafsi)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms
Singular Dual Plural
Masculine Feminine Common Masculine Feminine
First person نَفْسِي (nafsī) أَنْفُسِنَا (ʔanfusinā)
Second person نَفْسِكَ (nafsika) نَفْسِكِ (nafsiki) أَنْفُسِكُمَا (ʔanfusikumā) أَنْفُسِكُمْ (ʔanfusikum) أَنْفُسِكُنَّ (ʔanfusikunna)
Third person نَفْسِهِ (nafsihi) نَفْسِهَا (nafsihā) أَنْفُسِهِمَا (ʔanfusihimā) أَنْفُسِهِمْ (ʔanfusihim) أَنْفُسِهِنَّ (ʔanfusihinna)
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Noun edit

نَفْس (nafsm (plural نُفُوس (nufūs) or أَنْفُس (ʔanfus))

  1. living creature, living being, human being, person
Declension edit

Pronunciation 3 edit

  • IPA(key): /na.fas/
  • (file)

Noun edit

نَفَس (nafasm (plural أَنْفَاس (ʔanfās))

  1. verbal noun of نَفِسَ (nafisa) (form I)
  2. verbal noun of نَفُسَ (nafusa) (form I)
  3. breath
  4. puff, draw (of smoke)
  5. gulp, draught
  6. freedom, liberty, convenience, discretion
Declension edit
Descendants edit

References edit

  • Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “نفس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 700–701
  • Freytag, Georg (1837), “نفس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 313
  • Wehr, Hans (1979), “نفس”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 1155–1556

Khalaj edit

Noun edit

نَفَس (nəfəs) (definite accusative نَفَسی, plural نَفَسلَر)

  1. Arabic spelling of nəfəs (breath)

Declension edit

Moroccan Arabic edit

Root
ن ف س
1 term

Etymology 1 edit

From Arabic نَفَّسَ (naffasa).

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

نفس (naffas) II (non-past ينفس (ynaffas))

  1. to vent, to air
  2. to let out air
  3. to fart on (someone)
    نفستينا يا صاحبي!
    naffastīna ya sāḥbi
    You farted on us, dude!
Conjugation edit
    Conjugation of نفس
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m نفّست (naffast) نفّستي (naffasti) نفّس (naffas) نفّسنا (naffasna) نفّستوا (naffastu) نفّسوا (naffsu)
f نفّست (naffsāt)
non-past m ننفّس (nnaffas) تنفّس (tnaffas) ينفّس (ynaffas) ننفّسوا (nnaffsu) تنفّسوا (tnaffsu) ينفّسوا (ynaffsu)
f تنفّسي (tnaffsi) تنفّس (tnaffas)
imperative m نفّس (naffas) نفّسوا (naffsu)
f نفّسي (naffsi)

Etymology 2 edit

From Arabic نَفْس (nafs).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

نفس (nafsm

  1. same used in the construct state, with a modifying noun, or after the noun with an enclitic pronoun attached to it
    نفس الشيnafs eš-šithe same thing
    فنفس اليوم، فاليوم نفسهf-nafs el-yūm, f-el-yūm nafsuon the same day
  2. life, breath
  3. inclination, appetite, proclivity

Ottoman Turkish edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Arabic نَفَس (nafas, breath; soul).

Noun edit

نفس (nefes) (plural انفاس)

  1. breath, the act or process of breathing
    Synonyms: دم (dam), صولوق (soluk)
  2. the time of one breath, a brief moment of time
  3. soul, the spirit of a person that lives on after one's death
    Synonyms: اوز (öz), تن (tin), جان (can), روح (ruh), زات (zat)
  4. self, one's individual personality, character or disposition
  5. essence of anything, its very substance or reality

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Further reading edit

Persian edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Arabic نَفَس (nafas).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

نفس (nafas) (plural نفس‌ها (nafas-hâ) or انفاس (anfâs))

  1. breath
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Arabic نَفْس (nafs).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

نفس (nafs) (plural نفس‌ها (nafs-hâ) or نفوس (nofus))

  1. soul, self
  2. psyche
  3. spirit, mind
  4. personal identity

South Levantine Arabic edit

Root
ن ف س
2 terms

Etymology 1 edit

From Arabic نَفْس (nafs).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

نفس (nafsm (plural أنفس (ʔanfos) or نفوس (nufūs))

  1. soul, spirit, psyche, mind
  2. desire, appetite
    Synonym: شهيّة (šahiyye)

Pronoun edit

نفس (nafs-)

  1. (with personal suffix) -self, -selves (reflexive pronoun)
    Synonym: حال (ḥāl-)
    أقنعت نفسي.
    ʔaqnaʕt nafsi
    I convinced myself.
    المشية ممكن تسمعوها بأكتر من اسم، بس إحنا تركيزنا عالحركة نفسها.
    il-mašye mumken tismaʕūha bi-ʔaktar min ism, bas ʔeḥna tarkīzna ʕal-ḥarake nafsha
    You can hear "il-Mashye" go by more than one name, but our focus is on the move itself.
Inflection edit
    Inflected forms of نفس
Base form نفس (nafs)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms
singular plural
m f
1st person نفسي (nafsi) نفسنا (nafsna)
2nd person نفسك (nafsak) نفسك (nafsek) نفسكم (nafskom)
3rd person نفسه (nafso) نفسها (nafsha) نفسهم (nafshom)

Preposition edit

نفس (nafs)

  1. same
    هادا نفس الشي.
    hāda nafs iš-šī
    That's the same thing.

Etymology 2 edit

From Arabic نَفَّسَ (naffasa).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /naf.fas/, [ˈnaf.fas]
  • (file)

Verb edit

نفّس (naffas) I (present بنفّس (binaffes))

  1. to breathe out, to exhale
    Antonym: تنفّس (tnaffas)
  2. (intransitive) to deflate
Conjugation edit
    Conjugation of نفّس (naffas)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m نفّست (naffast) نفّست (naffast) نفّس (naffas) نفّسنا (naffasna) نفّستو (naffastu) نفّسو (naffasu)
f نفّستي (naffasti) نفّست (naffasat)
present m بنفّس (banaffes) بتنفّس (bitnaffes) بنفّس (binaffes) مننفّس (minnaffes) بتنفّسو (bitnaffsu) بنفّسو (binaffsu)
f بتنفّسي (bitnaffsi) بتنفّس (bitnaffes)
subjunctive m انفّس (anaffes) تنفّس (tnaffes) ينفّس (ynaffes) ننفّس (nnaffes) تنفّسو (tnaffsu) ينفّسو (ynaffsu)
f تنفّسي (tnaffsi) تنفّس (tnaffes)
imperative m نفّس (naffes) نفّسو (naffsu)
f نفّسي (naffsi)

Etymology 3 edit

From Arabic نَفَس (nafas).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /na.fas/, [ˈna.fas]
  • (file)

Noun edit

نفس (nafasm

  1. breathing, breath
  2. nargileh, hookah, water pipe
    Synonym: أرجيلة (ʔargīle)