Ottoman Turkish edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Persian ویران (virân, ruined; desolate).

Adjective edit

ویران (viran)

  1. ruined, devasted, desolated
    Synonyms: خراب (harab), یباب (yebab), ییقق (yıkık)
  2. (of a building) abandoned, deserted

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

  • Turkish: viran
  • Macedonian: фиран (firan)
  • Romanian: viran

Further reading edit

Persian edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwylʾn' /⁠awērān⁠/). Cognate with Parthian 𐭀𐭅𐭉𐭓𐭍 (ʾwyrn, ruin, destruction) and akin to Old Armenian աւեր (awer), աւերանք (awerankʿ), աւերակ (awerak), Iranian borrowings.

Pronunciation edit

 

Readings
Classical reading? wērān, wayrān, wīrān
Dari reading? wayrān
Iranian reading? virân
Tajik reading? vayron

Adjective edit

Dari ویران
Iranian Persian
Tajik вайрон

ویران (virân)

  1. ruined
    • 1210–1292, Saadi Shirazi, Gulistan, chapter 6, story 1;[1] Persian proverb:
      خانه از پای بند ویران است
      خواجه در بند نقش ایوان است
      xâne az pây-band virân ast
      xâje dar band-e naqš-e ivân ast
      The house is ruined from the foundation
      Khajah is bounded by the design on the iwan
  2. desolate
  3. gloomy

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Further reading edit

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971), “աւեր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume I, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 359–360
  • Gignoux, Philippe (1972) Glossaire des Inscriptions Pehlevies et Parthes [Glossary of Pahlavi and Parthians Inscriptions] (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum. Supplementary Series; 1) (in French), London: Lund Humphries, page 48b
  • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, pages 112, 511
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 14

Punjabi edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Classical Persian ویران (wīrān).

Adjective edit

ویران (vīrān) (Gurmukhi spelling ਵੀਰਾਨ)

  1. ruined
  2. desolate
  3. gloomy

Related terms edit

Urdu edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Classical Persian ویران (wīrān).

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

وِیران (vīrān) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling वीरान)

  1. deserted, desolate
  2. (figurative) gloomy

Related terms edit

References edit

  • ویران”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • ویران”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.