ܘܠܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic edit
Etymology 1 edit
| Root |
|---|
| ܘ ܠ ܐ (w l ˀ) |
| 3 terms |
Learned borrowing from Classical Syriac ܘܵܠܹܐ (wālē), from Aramaic וָלֵא (wālē, active participle of a defective verb, literally “it is fitting”).
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
ܘܵܠܹܐ • (wālē)
- it is fitting, is it right; must, have to, should indicates obligation [+ ܕ- (object) = that]
- Synonyms: ܙܵܕ݂ܹܩ (zāḏēq), ܓܵܪܲܓ (gārag), ܠܵܙܹܡ (lāzēm)
- ܫܵܥܲܬ݂ ܟܡܵܐ ܘܵܠܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂ ܕܗܵܘܹܝܬ ܬܲܡܵܐ؟ ― šāˁaṯ kmā wālē lūḵ d-hāwēt tammā? ― At what time do you have to be there?
- ܘܵܠܹܐ ܠܝܼ ܕܡܵܛܹܝܢ ܠܣܸܕ݂ܪܵܐ ܡ̣ܢ ܩܲܕ݇ܡ ܡܲܠܦܵܢܵܐ. ― wālē lī d-māṭēn l-siḏrā min qam malpānā. ― I must arrive in class before the teacher.
- ܠܵܐ ܘܵܠܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܕܦܵܠܹܫ ܥܲܡܵܗ̇. ― lā wālē lēh d-pālēš ˁammāh. ― He shouldn't fight with her.
Usage notes edit
- While ܘܵܠܹܐ (wālē) is an adverb, it is used in much the same way as a present-tense verb; followed by its suffixes agreeing with the subject in person, gender, and number. Its corresponding past tense is expressed by ܘܵܠܹܐ (wālē) + ܗ݇ܘܵܐ/ܗ݇ܘܵܬ݇/ܗ݇ܘܵܘ (wā).
- This adverb is considered to be of high modality; contrasted with ܫܘܼܕ (šūd) or ܝܵܐܹܐ (yāˀē, “should, ought to”) which is weaker and of medium to low modality.
Inflection edit
Inflection of ܘܵܠܹܐ (wālē)
| Base Form | ܘܵܠܹܐ (wālē) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Personal-pronoun including forms | singular | plural | |
| m | f | ||
| 1st person | ܘܵܠܹܐ ܠܝܼ (wālē lī) |
ܘܵܠܹܐ ܠܲܢ (wālē lan) | |
| 2nd person | ܘܵܠܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (wālē lūḵ) |
ܘܵܠܹܐ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (wālē lāḵ) |
ܘܵܠܹܐ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (wālē lāwḵōn) |
| 3rd person | ܘܵܠܹܐ ܠܹܗ (wālē lēh) |
ܘܵܠܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ (wālē lāh) |
ܘܵܠܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ (wālē lhōn) |
Derived terms edit
- ܘܵܠܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (wālīṯā, “duty, obligation, honesty, that which is fitting”)
- ܘܵܠܝܵܝܵܐ (wālyāyā, “obligatory, adequate”)
- ܘܵܠܝܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (wālyāˀīṯ, “fittingly, decently”)
Etymology 2 edit
From ܘ- (w-, “and”) + ܠܵܐ (lā, “not”); compare Hebrew וָלֹא (való) and Arabic وَلَا (walā).
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
ܘܠܵܐ • (w-lā)
- nor, or else
- ܓܲܒ݂ܪܹ̈ܐ ܕܟܹܐ ܦܵܠܫܝܼ ܩܵܐ ܕܲܗܒ݂ܵܐ ܠܲܝܬ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܐܝܼܩܵܪܵܐ ܘܠܵܐ ܬܟ݂ܝܼܠܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ. ― gaḇrē d-kē pālšī qā dahḇā layt lhōn īqārā w-lā tḵīlūṯā. ― Men who fight for gold have neither honor nor loyalty.
- ܠܵܐ ܒܸܬ ܐܵܟ݂ܠܹܢ ܘܠܵܐ ܒܸܬ ܫܵܬ݂ܹܝܢ ܗܲܠ ܕܕܵܥܹܪ ܐܸܠܝܼ ― lā bit āḵlēn w-lā bit šāṯēn hal d-dāˁēr ilī ― I will not eat nor drink until he returns to me.
Classical Syriac edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
ܘܠܐ • (wēlā(ʾ)) f (plural ܘܠܣ or ܘܠܐ)
- Alternative spelling of ܘܝܠܐ
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
ܘܠܐ • (wālē) m active participle
- it is fitting, it is right
Etymology 3 edit
From ܘ (w, “and”) and ܠܵܐ (lā, “not”).
Conjunction edit
ܘܠܐ • (w(ə)-lā)