आप
Hindi edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā), from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán, “soul, spirit; self”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath, spirit”), from *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) + *-mō. Cognate with Gujarati આપું (āpũ), Nepali आंत (ānta), Marathi आपण (āpaṇ), Bengali আপনি (apni). Compare Kamkata-viri amú (“self”).
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
Usage notes edit
- आप (āp) is the most formal way of expressing "you" in Hindi and is used when addressing elders or those higher in social status. Because less formal forms could offend others, आप (āp) is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal.
- Because आप (āp) is grammatically plural (adjectives and verbs etc affected by it take their plural forms) even when there is only one person being referred to, the term आप लोग (āp log) (literally: you people) can be used to specify that more than one person is being referred to because of T-V distinction.
Declension edit
Pronoun declension of आप
See also edit
See also edit
- तुम (tum) (mid level formality, grammatically plural)
- तू (tū) (complete lack of formality, grammatically singular)
References edit
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “आप”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884) “आप”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Old Marathi edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
आप (āpa) m (Modi 𑘁𑘢)
References edit
- Tulpule, Shankar Gopal; Feldhaus, Anne, “[1]”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1999.
Pali edit
Alternative forms edit
Alternative forms
Noun edit
आप n
- Devanagari script form of āpa (“water”)
Declension edit
Declension table of "आप" (neuter)
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | आपं (āpaṃ) or आपो (āpo) | आपानि (āpāni) |
Accusative (second) | आपं (āpaṃ) or आपो (āpo) | आपानि (āpāni) |
Instrumental (third) | आपेन (āpena) | आपेहि (āpehi) or आपेभि (āpebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | आपस्स (āpassa) or आपाय (āpāya) or आपत्थं (āpatthaṃ) | आपानं (āpānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | आपस्मा (āpasmā) or आपम्हा (āpamhā) or आपा (āpā) | आपेहि (āpehi) or आपेभि (āpebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | आपस्स (āpassa) | आपानं (āpānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | आपस्मिं (āpasmiṃ) or आपम्हि (āpamhi) or आपे (āpe) | आपेसु (āpesu) |
Vocative (calling) | आप (āpa) or आपो (āpo) | आपानि (āpāni) |