कोटि
Sanskrit edit
| ← 10,000 | [a], [b] ← 1,000,000 (106) | १००००००० 10,000,000 (107) |
100,000,000 (108) → | 10,000,000,000 (1010) → |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: कोटि (koṭi) | ||||
Alternative scripts edit
Alternative scripts
- কোটি (Assamese script)
- ᬓᭀᬝᬶ (Balinese script)
- কোটি (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰺𑰘𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑁄𑀝𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- ကောဋိ (Burmese script)
- કોટિ (Gujarati script)
- ਕੋਟਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑍋𑌟𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦺꦴꦛꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂷𑂗𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಕೋಟಿ (Kannada script)
- កោដិ (Khmer script)
- ໂກຏິ (Lao script)
- കോടി (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᠣᢞᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘻𑘘𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠣᠸᠠᢌᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧜𑦸𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑑀𑐚𑐶 (Newa script)
- କୋଟି (Odia script)
- ꢒꣂꢜꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆾𑆛𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖺𑖘𑖰 (Siddham script)
- කොටි (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩕𑩦𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚴𑚔𑚮 (Takri script)
- கோடி (Tamil script)
- కోటి (Telugu script)
- โกฏิ (Thai script)
- ཀོ་ཊི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒼𑒙𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨆𑨔𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
Of uncertain origin.
For the "curved end of a bow, tip" meanings, Burrow compares Latin cautēs (“pointy rock”). He also considered a borrowing from Dravidian in the past, but later rejects this.
The "large number" meaning is often considered to be of a separate origin from the other meanings, and is traditionally considered of substrate (possibly Munda) origin; compare Bodo Gadaba [script needed] (koɽi, “twenty”) (in small-scale counting, 20 would be considered a large number). However, Mayrhofer later doubts this derivation, and considers the "large number" meaning as a semantic transfer from the "tip" meaning.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
कोटि • (koṭi) stem, f
- the curved end of a bow or of claws, end or top of anything, edge or point (of a sword), horns or cusps (of the moon)
- the highest point, eminence, excellence, end, extremity
- ‘a point or side in an argument or disputation’, (if there are two) ‘alternative’
- the complement of an arc to 90 degrees
- the perpendicular side of a right-angled triangle
- Medicago esculenta
- the highest number in the older system of numbers; a krore, ten million (10,000,000), or 100 lakhs (1,00,00,000) in the South Asian numeral system
Declension edit
| Feminine i-stem declension of कोटि (koṭi) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | कोटिः koṭiḥ |
कोटी koṭī |
कोटयः koṭayaḥ |
| Vocative | कोटे koṭe |
कोटी koṭī |
कोटयः koṭayaḥ |
| Accusative | कोटिम् koṭim |
कोटी koṭī |
कोटीः koṭīḥ |
| Instrumental | कोट्या / कोटी¹ koṭyā / koṭī¹ |
कोटिभ्याम् koṭibhyām |
कोटिभिः koṭibhiḥ |
| Dative | कोटये / कोट्यै² / कोटी¹ koṭaye / koṭyai² / koṭī¹ |
कोटिभ्याम् koṭibhyām |
कोटिभ्यः koṭibhyaḥ |
| Ablative | कोटेः / कोट्याः² / कोट्यै³ koṭeḥ / koṭyāḥ² / koṭyai³ |
कोटिभ्याम् koṭibhyām |
कोटिभ्यः koṭibhyaḥ |
| Genitive | कोटेः / कोट्याः² / कोट्यै³ koṭeḥ / koṭyāḥ² / koṭyai³ |
कोट्योः koṭyoḥ |
कोटीनाम् koṭīnām |
| Locative | कोटौ / कोट्याम्² / कोटा¹ koṭau / koṭyām² / koṭā¹ |
कोट्योः koṭyoḥ |
कोटिषु koṭiṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants edit
- Pali: koṭi
- Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀟𑀺 (koḍi)
- Borrowed terms
- → Assamese: কোটি (kûti)
- → Bengali: কোটি (kōṭi)
- → Kannada: ಕೋಟಿ (kōṭi)
- → Malay: keti
- → Malayalam: കോടി (kōṭi)
- → Tagalog: kati
- → Tamil: கோடி (kōṭi)
- → Telugu: కోటి (kōṭi)
- → Tocharian A: kor (learned)
- → Tocharian B: koṭ (learned)
References edit
- Monier Williams (1899) “कोटि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 312/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 124
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 270
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “koti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 181