गर्दभ

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গৰ্দভ (Assamese script)
• ᬕᬃᬤᬪ (Balinese script)
• গর্দভ (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰨𑰿𑰟𑰥 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀤𑀪 (Brahmi script)
• ဂရ်္ဒဘ (Burmese script)
• ગર્દભ (Gujarati script)
• ਗਰ੍ਦਭ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑌰𑍍𑌦𑌭 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦂꦢꦨ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑂩𑂹𑂠𑂦 (Kaithi script)
• ಗರ್ದಭ (Kannada script)
• គទ៌ភ (Khmer script)
• ຄຣ຺ທຠ (Lao script)
• ഗര്ദഭ (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᠠᡵᡩᠠᢨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘨𑘿𑘟𑘥 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠠᠷᢑᠠᠪᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧈𑧠𑦿𑧅 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑐬𑑂𑐡𑐨 (Newa script)
• ଗର୍ଦଭ (Odia script)
• ꢔꢬ꣄ꢣꢩ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑆫𑇀𑆢𑆨 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖨𑖿𑖟𑖥 (Siddham script)
• ගර්‍දභ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞𑩼 𑪙𑩭𑩳 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚤𑚶𑚛𑚡 (Takri script)
• க³ர்த³ப⁴ (Tamil script)
• గర్దభ (Telugu script)
• ครฺทภ (Thai script)
• ག་རྡ་བྷ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒩𑓂𑒠𑒦 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨫𑩇𑨛𑨡 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of unclear origin.

Perhaps a derivation from the possibly onomatopoeic root गर्द् (gard, “to cry”), with a suffix formed by analogy to the one in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha, “bull”).

An alternative theory considers the word as a Dravidian borrowing, formed as *गर्द (garda) + an Indo-European animal suffix *भ (bha) as seen in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha) above; compare Tamil கழுதை (kaḻutai), Kuvi ଗା୕ଡ଼୍ଦେ (gāṛde), Duruwa [script needed] (garad). However, the formal mismatch between the Dravidian and Sanskrit forms, the Sanskrit word's Vedic status, the gratuitous attachment of a bound suffix of supposed Indo-European origin to a loaned word, and the fact that donkeys were well-known to steppe tribes (including the Indo-Iranians), casts doubt on this derivation.

Possibly related to Tocharian B kercapo (“donkey”), perhaps via a borrowing from Sanskrit to Tocharian, though further details are uncertain.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐɾ.dɐ.bʱɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɐɾ.d̪ɐ.bʱɐ/

Noun

गर्दभ • (gardabhá) stem, m

1. ass, donkey

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गर्दभ (gardabhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गर्दभः gardabháḥ	गर्दभौ / गर्दभा¹ gardabhaú / gardabhā́¹	गर्दभाः / गर्दभासः¹ gardabhā́ḥ / gardabhā́saḥ¹
Vocative	गर्दभ gárdabha	गर्दभौ / गर्दभा¹ gárdabhau / gárdabhā¹	गर्दभाः / गर्दभासः¹ gárdabhāḥ / gárdabhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	गर्दभम् gardabhám	गर्दभौ / गर्दभा¹ gardabhaú / gardabhā́¹	गर्दभान् gardabhā́n
Instrumental	गर्दभेन gardabhéna	गर्दभाभ्याम् gardabhā́bhyām	गर्दभैः / गर्दभेभिः¹ gardabhaíḥ / gardabhébhiḥ¹
Dative	गर्दभाय gardabhā́ya	गर्दभाभ्याम् gardabhā́bhyām	गर्दभेभ्यः gardabhébhyaḥ
Ablative	गर्दभात् gardabhā́t	गर्दभाभ्याम् gardabhā́bhyām	गर्दभेभ्यः gardabhébhyaḥ
Genitive	गर्दभस्य gardabhásya	गर्दभयोः gardabháyoḥ	गर्दभानाम् gardabhā́nām
Locative	गर्दभे gardabhé	गर्दभयोः gardabháyoḥ	गर्दभेषु gardabhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• गर्दभक (gardabhaka, “of or relating to a donkey”)
• गर्दभी (gardabhī, “female donkey / jenny”)
• गार्दभ (gārdabha, “of or relating to a donkey”)
  • Kannada: ಗಾರ್ದಭ (gārdabha, “donkey”)

 

Descendants

• Magadhi Prakrit: *𑀕𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀳 (*gaddaha)
  • Early Assamese: গাধৱ (gadhowo), গান্ধ (gandho)
    • Assamese: গাধ (gadho)
  • Bengali: গাধা (gadha)
  • Bhojpuri: गदहा (gadᵊhā)
  • Maithili: गदहा (gadᵊhā)
  • Odia: ଗଧ (gôdhô), ଗଧୁଣୀ (gôdhuṇi), ଗଧା (gôdha)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਗੱਧਾ (gaddhā)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀳 (gaddaha)
  • Awadhi: गदहा (gadhā)
  • Hindi: गधा (gadhā), गदहा (gadhā)
  • Urdu: گدھا (gadhā)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀳 (gaḍḍaha)
  • Marathi: गाढव (gāḍhav)
• → Bengali: গর্দভ (gordobh), গর্ধভ (gordhobh) (semi-learned)
• → Telugu: గర్దభము (gardabhamu)
• →? Tocharian B: kercapo

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “गर्दभ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 349/2.
• Apte, Macdonell (2022) “गर्दभ”, in Digital Dictionaries of South India [Combined Sanskrit Dictionaries]