घोटक

Sanskrit edit

Alternative scripts edit

Alternative scripts

ঘোটক (Assamese script)
ᬖᭀᬝᬓ (Balinese script)
ঘোটক (Bengali script)
𑰑𑰺𑰘𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀖𑁄𑀝𑀓 (Brahmi script)
ဃောဋက (Burmese script)
ઘોટક (Gujarati script)
ਘੋਟਕ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌘𑍋𑌟𑌕 (Grantha script)
ꦓꦺꦴꦛꦏ (Javanese script)
𑂐𑂷𑂗𑂍 (Kaithi script)
ಘೋಟಕ (Kannada script)
ឃោដក (Khmer script)
ໂຆຏກ (Lao script)
ഘോടക (Malayalam script)
ᢚᠣᢞᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘑𑘻𑘘𑘎 (Modi script)
ᠺᠾᠣᠸᠠᢌᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑦱𑧜𑦸𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
𑐑𑑀𑐚𑐎 (Newa script)
ଘୋଟକ (Odia script)
ꢕꣂꢜꢒ (Saurashtra script)
𑆔𑆾𑆛𑆑 (Sharada script)
𑖑𑖺𑖘𑖎 (Siddham script)
ඝොටක (Sinhalese script)
𑩟𑩕𑩦𑩜 (Soyombo script)
𑚍𑚴𑚔𑚊 (Takri script)
கே⁴ாடக (Tamil script)
ఘోటక (Telugu script)
โฆฏก (Thai script)
གྷོ་ཊ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
𑒒𑒼𑒙𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
𑨎𑨆𑨔𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology edit

A foreign borrowing; compare Proto-Dravidian *kut-ir-ay (“horse”), whence Tamil குதிரை (kutirai). However, due to the traditional lack of presence and utility of horses in South and Southeast Asia, ultimate origins from Dravidian and Munda are doubtful, and alternative, more western or northern sources of the borrowing have been considered.

Pronunciation edit

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡʱɐw.ʈɐ.kɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡʱoː.ʈɐ.kɐ/

Noun edit

घोटक • (ghoṭaka) stem, m (feminine घोटकी or घोटिका)

horse

Declension edit

Masculine a-stem declension of घोटक (ghoṭaka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	घोटकः ghoṭakaḥ	घोटकौ / घोटका¹ ghoṭakau / ghoṭakā¹	घोटकाः / घोटकासः¹ ghoṭakāḥ / ghoṭakāsaḥ¹
Vocative	घोटक ghoṭaka	घोटकौ / घोटका¹ ghoṭakau / ghoṭakā¹	घोटकाः / घोटकासः¹ ghoṭakāḥ / ghoṭakāsaḥ¹
Accusative	घोटकम् ghoṭakam	घोटकौ / घोटका¹ ghoṭakau / ghoṭakā¹	घोटकान् ghoṭakān
Instrumental	घोटकेन ghoṭakena	घोटकाभ्याम् ghoṭakābhyām	घोटकैः / घोटकेभिः¹ ghoṭakaiḥ / ghoṭakebhiḥ¹
Dative	घोटकाय ghoṭakāya	घोटकाभ्याम् ghoṭakābhyām	घोटकेभ्यः ghoṭakebhyaḥ
Ablative	घोटकात् ghoṭakāt	घोटकाभ्याम् ghoṭakābhyām	घोटकेभ्यः ghoṭakebhyaḥ
Genitive	घोटकस्य ghoṭakasya	घोटकयोः ghoṭakayoḥ	घोटकानाम् ghoṭakānām
Locative	घोटके ghoṭake	घोटकयोः ghoṭakayoḥ	घोटकेषु ghoṭakeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants edit

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
- Fiji Hindi: ghorra
Magadhi Prakrit:
- Early Assamese: ঘোড়া (ghöṛa)
  - Assamese: ঘোঁৰা (ghü̃ra)
- Bengali: ঘোড়া (ghōṛa)
- Odia: ଘୋଡ଼ା (ghoṛa)
- Rohingya: gúra
- Sylheti: ꠊꠥꠠꠣ (gúṛa)
Maharastri Prakrit:
- Konkani: घोडो (ghoḍô)
- Old Marathi: 𑘑𑘻𑘚𑘳 (ghoḍu)
  - Marathi: घोडा (ghoḍā)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑁄𑀟𑀕 (ghoḍaga)
- Gurjar Apabhramsa:
  - Old Gujarati:
    - Gujarati: ઘોડો (ghoḍo)
    - Marwari: घोड़ौ (ghoṛau)
  - Saurashtra: ꢕꣁꢞꣁ (ghoḍo)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: घोड़ा (ghoṛā)
  
  Urdu: گھوڑا (ghoṛā)
- Nepali: घोडा (ghoḍā)
- Punjabi: ਘੋੜਾ (ghoṛā) / گھوڑا (ghoṛā)
- Romani: khuro
- Sindhi: گهوڙو / घोड़ो (ghoṛo)
→ Old Javanese: kuda
- > Javanese: ꦏꦸꦢ (kuda) (inherited)
- >? Malay: kuda (see there for further descendants)

References edit

Monier Williams (1899) “घोटक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0379/2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 517
F. C., Southworth (2003) Proto-Dravidian Agriculture‎^[2], University of Pennsylvania.