दृढ
Sanskrit edit
Alternative forms edit
- दृळ्ह (dṛḷhá) — Vedic
Alternative scripts edit
Alternative scripts
- দৃঢ (Assamese script)
- ᬤᬺᬠ (Balinese script)
- দৃঢ (Bengali script)
- 𑰟𑰴𑰛 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀤𑀾𑀠 (Brahmi script)
- ဒၖဎ (Burmese script)
- દૃઢ (Gujarati script)
- ਦ੍ਹਢ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌦𑍃𑌢 (Grantha script)
- ꦢꦽꦞ (Javanese script)
- 𑂠𑃂𑂛 (Kaithi script)
- ದೃಢ (Kannada script)
- ទ្ឫឍ (Khmer script)
- ທ຺ຣິຒ (Lao script)
- ദൃഢ (Malayalam script)
- ᡩᡵᡳᢟᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘟𑘵𑘛 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠷᠢᢎᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦿𑧖𑦻 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐡𑐺𑐝 (Newa script)
- ଦୃଢ (Odia script)
- ꢣꢺꢟ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆢𑆸𑆞 (Sharada script)
- 𑖟𑖴𑖛 (Siddham script)
- දෘඪ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩭𑩙𑩩 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚛𑚗 (Takri script)
- த்³ரிட⁴ (Tamil script)
- దృఢ (Telugu script)
- ทฺฤฒ (Thai script)
- དྲྀ་ཌྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒠𑒵𑒜 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨛𑨼𑨉𑨗 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dr̥ẓḍʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰr̥ždʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥ǵʰ-tó-s (“strong, firm, hard”), from *dʰerǵʰ- (“to be firm, strong, tough, hard”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic дръжати (drŭžati, “to hold”), Lithuanian dir̃žti (“to harden, become tough”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (darəzaiieiti, “to attach”), English dry. The Sanskrit root is दृह् (dṛh) or दृंह् (dṛṃh).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
दृढ • (dṛḍhá) stem
- steadfast, firm, rigid
- strong, adamant, staunch
- hefty, sinewy
- resolute, determined, tenacious, persevering, steady
- confirmed, established, certain, sure
- hard-and-fast, dyed-in-the-wool
- difficult to be bent or broken
- whole, complete
- intense, violent, mighty
- (mathematics) reduced to the last term or smallest number by a common divisor
Declension edit
Masculine a-stem declension of दृढ (dṛḍha) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | दृढः dṛḍhaḥ |
दृढौ / दृढा¹ dṛḍhau / dṛḍhā¹ |
दृढाः / दृढासः¹ dṛḍhāḥ / dṛḍhāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | दृढ dṛḍha |
दृढौ / दृढा¹ dṛḍhau / dṛḍhā¹ |
दृढाः / दृढासः¹ dṛḍhāḥ / dṛḍhāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | दृढम् dṛḍham |
दृढौ / दृढा¹ dṛḍhau / dṛḍhā¹ |
दृढान् dṛḍhān |
Instrumental | दृढेन dṛḍhena |
दृढाभ्याम् dṛḍhābhyām |
दृढैः / दृढेभिः¹ dṛḍhaiḥ / dṛḍhebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | दृढाय dṛḍhāya |
दृढाभ्याम् dṛḍhābhyām |
दृढेभ्यः dṛḍhebhyaḥ |
Ablative | दृढात् dṛḍhāt |
दृढाभ्याम् dṛḍhābhyām |
दृढेभ्यः dṛḍhebhyaḥ |
Genitive | दृढस्य dṛḍhasya |
दृढयोः dṛḍhayoḥ |
दृढानाम् dṛḍhānām |
Locative | दृढे dṛḍhe |
दृढयोः dṛḍhayoḥ |
दृढेषु dṛḍheṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of दृढा (dṛḍhā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | दृढा dṛḍhā |
दृढे dṛḍhe |
दृढाः dṛḍhāḥ |
Vocative | दृढे dṛḍhe |
दृढे dṛḍhe |
दृढाः dṛḍhāḥ |
Accusative | दृढाम् dṛḍhām |
दृढे dṛḍhe |
दृढाः dṛḍhāḥ |
Instrumental | दृढया / दृढा¹ dṛḍhayā / dṛḍhā¹ |
दृढाभ्याम् dṛḍhābhyām |
दृढाभिः dṛḍhābhiḥ |
Dative | दृढायै dṛḍhāyai |
दृढाभ्याम् dṛḍhābhyām |
दृढाभ्यः dṛḍhābhyaḥ |
Ablative | दृढायाः dṛḍhāyāḥ |
दृढाभ्याम् dṛḍhābhyām |
दृढाभ्यः dṛḍhābhyaḥ |
Genitive | दृढायाः dṛḍhāyāḥ |
दृढयोः dṛḍhayoḥ |
दृढानाम् dṛḍhānām |
Locative | दृढायाम् dṛḍhāyām |
दृढयोः dṛḍhayoḥ |
दृढासु dṛḍhāsu |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of दृढ (dṛḍha) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | दृढम् dṛḍham |
दृढे dṛḍhe |
दृढानि / दृढा¹ dṛḍhāni / dṛḍhā¹ |
Vocative | दृढ dṛḍha |
दृढे dṛḍhe |
दृढानि / दृढा¹ dṛḍhāni / dṛḍhā¹ |
Accusative | दृढम् dṛḍham |
दृढे dṛḍhe |
दृढानि / दृढा¹ dṛḍhāni / dṛḍhā¹ |
Instrumental | दृढेन dṛḍhena |
दृढाभ्याम् dṛḍhābhyām |
दृढैः / दृढेभिः¹ dṛḍhaiḥ / dṛḍhebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | दृढाय dṛḍhāya |
दृढाभ्याम् dṛḍhābhyām |
दृढेभ्यः dṛḍhebhyaḥ |
Ablative | दृढात् dṛḍhāt |
दृढाभ्याम् dṛḍhābhyām |
दृढेभ्यः dṛḍhebhyaḥ |
Genitive | दृढस्य dṛḍhasya |
दृढयोः dṛḍhayoḥ |
दृढानाम् dṛḍhānām |
Locative | दृढे dṛḍhe |
दृढयोः dṛḍhayoḥ |
दृढेषु dṛḍheṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants edit
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀤𑀠 (daḍha)
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀤𑀺𑀠 (diḍha)
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𐨡𐨿𐨪𐨁𐨝 (driḍha)
- → Hindi: दृढ़ (dŕṛh)
- → Bengali: দৃঢ় (driṛh)
Noun edit
दृढ • (dṛḍha) stem, n
Declension edit
Neuter a-stem declension of दृढ (dṛḍha) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | दृढम् dṛḍham |
दृढे dṛḍhe |
दृढानि / दृढा¹ dṛḍhāni / dṛḍhā¹ |
Vocative | दृढ dṛḍha |
दृढे dṛḍhe |
दृढानि / दृढा¹ dṛḍhāni / dṛḍhā¹ |
Accusative | दृढम् dṛḍham |
दृढे dṛḍhe |
दृढानि / दृढा¹ dṛḍhāni / dṛḍhā¹ |
Instrumental | दृढेन dṛḍhena |
दृढाभ्याम् dṛḍhābhyām |
दृढैः / दृढेभिः¹ dṛḍhaiḥ / dṛḍhebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | दृढाय dṛḍhāya |
दृढाभ्याम् dṛḍhābhyām |
दृढेभ्यः dṛḍhebhyaḥ |
Ablative | दृढात् dṛḍhāt |
दृढाभ्याम् dṛḍhābhyām |
दृढेभ्यः dṛḍhebhyaḥ |
Genitive | दृढस्य dṛḍhasya |
दृढयोः dṛḍhayoḥ |
दृढानाम् dṛḍhānām |
Locative | दृढे dṛḍhe |
दृढयोः dṛḍhayoḥ |
दृढेषु dṛḍheṣu |
Notes |
|
References edit
- Monier Williams (1899), “दृढ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 490/2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 706; 742